Monitoring the Crystalline Structure of Sugar Cane Bagasse in Aqueous Ionic Liquids

Chen, Mingjie; Zhang, Xueqin; Matharu, Avtar S.; Melo, Eduardo M. de; Li, Ruimin; Liu, Chuanfu; Shi, Qingshan

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01526

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The proportion of crystallite interior chains reduces with the reduction of crystallite size of the plane (002). The results were corroborating Sugar cane bagasse XRD study [9]. TP3 crystallite size was highest among all the samples ( Table 1).…”

Section: Crystallinity Indexsupporting

confidence: 83%

Extraction and characterization of cellulose from halophytes: next generation source of cellulose fibre

2019

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Cellulose content was estimated from Tamarix aphylla, Juncus rigidus, and Thespesia populnea growing in saline soil at salt farm experimental plot of Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Cellulose was extracted from the plant samples by the treatment of NaClO 2 followed by NaOH, HCl, and H 2 O 2. Extracted cellulose samples were fractionated to α-cellulose and β-cellulose. Tamarix aphylla was subject to different treatments, and among all the treatments the highest cellulose fibre was extracted from T1 (3.0% NaClO 2 followed by 17.5% NaOH, 4.0% HCl) with 33% α-cellulose having 61% crystallinity. Maximum (44.0%) crude cellulose (3.5% NaClO 2 followed by 2.0% NaOH, 5.0% HCl, 17.5% NaOH) was obtained from J2 treatment (J. rigidus) with 58.7% crystallinity, 33% α-cellulose with 62% crystallinity and TP3 (4.0% NaClO 2 followed by 4.0% NaOH, 5.5% HCl, 17.5% NaOH) was best for T. populnea with 39% highest crude cellulose with 64.4% crystallinity, 30% α-cellulose with 55% crystallinity. The cellulose related peaks were noted in XRD and FTIR spectra; lignin and hemicellulose related peaks were absent. This confirms the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the isolated product. All the three halophytes growing in saline soil were found good source of cellulose. However, T. aphylla contain highest cellulose and α-cellulose with highest crystallinity as compared to J. rigidus, and T. populnea.

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Section: Crystallinity Indexsupporting

confidence: 83%

Extraction and characterization of cellulose from halophytes: next generation source of cellulose fibre

2019

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“…The peaks located at 2θ of 14.8 and 16.2° have the positions of (101) and (101-) crystallographic plane reflections, respectively, 40,41 the peak located at 22.4° has the positions of (200) crystallographic plane reflections. 38,39 The XRD analysis fit well with cellulose I β crystal and the degrees of crystallinity were calculated using the equation (1). After chemical treatment of the raw materials, the crystallinity index increased from 55.2 and 60.4 %, for WS and AS to 86.4 and 80.3 % for WC and AC, respectively.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 81%

“…38 They have three common peaks for all samples located at 2θ 14.8, 16.2 and 22.4° characterized the presence of cellulose I β . 38,39 O n L i n e F i r s t Fig. 3.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from walnut and apricots shells by alkaline treatment

2021

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In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from walnut and apricot shells (WS and AS) as agricultural wastes in order to use it as reinforcement in polymer composites. The microcrystalline cellulose was extracted by alkaline treatment and bleached by peroxide as an environmentally friendly treatment, called walnut cellulose (WC) and apricot cellulose (AC). The chemical composition of the samples was set according to the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPP). After treatments, the alpha-cellulose content increased by about 23 % for the two used cellulose sources. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity index values evaluated for WC and AC via X-ray diffraction were respectively 86.4 and 80.3 %. The alkaline soluble fractions of walnut (ASW) and apricot (ASA) shells were recovered and characterized by OM and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, their chemical composition was analyzed. The characterization and the properties of the WC and AC were similar to those of commercial MCC and MCC prepared in literature from wood and some agricultural wastes.

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“…From the NMR spectrum, new signals were observed at 172.2 and 22.8 ppm, attributed to CO and C−H from acetate groups, respectively. 15,45 The signals at 107.2, 90.9, and 85.7 ppm, attributed to C 1 , crystalline C 4 , and amorphous C 4 , respectively, were shifted upfield to 102.1 ppm for C 1 and to 80.0 ppm for C 4 as a result of the disruption of cellulose crystallinity by the acetylation reaction. 45 These results suggested the successful acetylation of cellulose.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,45 The signals at 107.2, 90.9, and 85.7 ppm, attributed to C 1 , crystalline C 4 , and amorphous C 4 , respectively, were shifted upfield to 102.1 ppm for C 1 and to 80.0 ppm for C 4 as a result of the disruption of cellulose crystallinity by the acetylation reaction. 45 These results suggested the successful acetylation of cellulose. Reaction Kinetics.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Free Acetylation of Cellulose by 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate-Catalyzed Transesterification

Chen

Runge

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cellulose acetate is one of the oldest synthetic thermoplastic polymers and has various applications including usage as films, fibers, and membrane products. Traditionally, cellulose acetate is prepared by reacting cellulose with acetic anhydride in acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This process suffers from extensive depolymerization of the cellulose molecules and corrosion of the equipment from the use of the acidic solvent and catalyst. Herein we present an acid-free cellulose acetylation process using vinyl acetate as both the reactant and reaction medium and 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium acetate as the catalyst. The obtained cellulose acetate was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and XRD studies. Additionally, the reaction kinetics, mechanism of the process, and properties of the obtained cellulose acetate were studied. Cellulose triacetate was obtained by our process within 2 h at 90 °C. The reaction kinetics was described with the classical pseudo-first-order rate expression of heterogeneous cellulose acetylation. The reaction mechanism was shown to be a peel-off mechanism similar to that of cellulose acetylation by the traditional acetic acid process. The molecular weight of the cellulose acetate produced by this new process was significantly higher than that from the traditional acetic acid process because of the absence of strong acids, which can depolymerize cellulose. In summary, we describe a new acid-free process to produce cellulose acetate that limits cellulose depolymerization and avoids the use of corrosive chemicals.

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Monitoring the Crystalline Structure of Sugar Cane Bagasse in Aqueous Ionic Liquids

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Extraction and characterization of cellulose from halophytes: next generation source of cellulose fibre

Extraction and characterization of cellulose from halophytes: next generation source of cellulose fibre

Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from walnut and apricots shells by alkaline treatment

Solvent-Free Acetylation of Cellulose by 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate-Catalyzed Transesterification

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