Monitoring the CO2 injection site: K12-B

CO2 sequestration for enhanced gas recovery: New measurements of supercritical CO2–CH4 dispersion in porous media and a review of recent research

“…The migration of CO 2 within the reservoir has been monitored by chemical tracers and gas analysis and compared with the results of reservoir simulations. The comparison suggests that the dispersion models used in the simulation need refinement (Vandeweijer et al, 2011). The only other relevant trial of CO 2 injection into a depleted gas field is that we are aware of the pilot-scale Otway project conducted by the Australian CO2CRC Underschultz et al, 2011).…”

“…There have been several reservoir simulation studies of prospective EGR scenarios, including by Blok et al (1997) and Oldenburg et al (2001); however the only current field-scale implementation of EGR is into the depleted K12-B reservoir (http://www. k12-b.nl/, 2011;Vandeweijer et al, 2011) offshore of The Netherlands. The limited application of EGR is in part due to the risks associated with inadvertently reducing the value of the natural gas asset.…”

“…The Rotliegend gas field's K12-B platform in the Dutch North Sea is the first site in the world where CO 2 produced from the natural gas has been reinjected back in to the field (http://www. k12-b.nl/, 2011;van der Meer et al, 2004;Vandeweijer et al, 2011). The gas from this field contains about 13% CO 2 and from 1987 to 2004 this CO 2 was separated from the gas and vented.…”

Enhanced gas recovery with CO2 sequestration: The effect of medium heterogeneity on the dispersion of supercritical CO2–CH4

“…Physical dispersion at smaller length scales is also important because, as discussed below, the description of transport at the core scale can play an important role in the prediction of mixing at the field scale, particularly for carbonate formations. These challenges to describing the mixing of CO 2 and natural gas have limited EGR projects to only a few field trials (Pooladi-Darvish et al, 2008;Vandeweijer et al, 2011). The only current field-scale EGR project is the Rotliegend K12-B gas reservoir, located offshore of the Netherlands, which started in 2004 after 17 years of conventional gas production (Vandeweijer et al, 2011).…”

“…These challenges to describing the mixing of CO 2 and natural gas have limited EGR projects to only a few field trials (Pooladi-Darvish et al, 2008;Vandeweijer et al, 2011). The only current field-scale EGR project is the Rotliegend K12-B gas reservoir, located offshore of the Netherlands, which started in 2004 after 17 years of conventional gas production (Vandeweijer et al, 2011). The EGR process began by injecting produced CO 2 into the formation of this depleted gas reservoir, improving the gas recovery along with CO 2 sequestration.…”