Monitoring the Agung (Indonesia) Ash Plume of November 2017 by Means of Infrared Himawari 8 Data

Marchese, Francesco; Falconieri, Alfredo; Pergola, Nicola; Tramutoli, Valerio

doi:10.3390/rs10060919

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One could also argue that the large model spread, as described by Marshall et al (2018) and Zanchettin et al (2016), limits the interpretation of our model results. Other models may obtain quantitatively different results, but most probably the simulated difference between the two eruption scenarios would be qualitatively similar: a lower radiative forcing of the Agung 1963 eruption when including two eruption phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Earthquakes, steam, ash clouds, and lahars resulted in the evacuation of nearly 150 000 people from the volcano's environment within a radius of 9-12 km in November 2017 (Gertisser et al, 2018). The eruption resulted in an ash cloud reaching up to an altitude of about 9.3 km (Marchese et al, 2018) and about 10 DU SO 2 above Bali (Hansen, 2017), which was not large and high enough to result in a climatic impact. The last climatic eruption of Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

2019

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Abstract. In 1963 a series of eruptions of Mt. Agung, Indonesia, resulted in the third largest eruption of the 20th century and claimed about 1900 lives. Two eruptions of this series injected SO2 into the stratosphere, which can create a long-lasting stratospheric sulfate layer. The estimated mass flux of the first eruption was about twice as large as the mass flux of the second eruption. We followed the estimated emission profiles and assumed for the first eruption on 17 March an injection rate of 4.7 Tg SO2 and 2.3 Tg SO2 for the second eruption on 16 May. The injected sulfur forms a sulfate layer in the stratosphere. The evolution of sulfur is nonlinear and depends on the injection rate and aerosol background conditions. We performed ensembles of two model experiments, one with a single eruption and a second one with two eruptions. The two smaller eruptions result in a lower sulfur burden, smaller aerosol particles, and 0.1 to 0.3 Wm−2 (10 %–20 %) lower radiative forcing in monthly mean global average compared to the individual eruption experiment. The differences are the consequence of slightly stronger meridional transport due to different seasons of the eruptions, lower injection height of the second eruption, and the resulting different aerosol evolution. Overall, the evolution of the volcanic clouds is different in case of two eruptions than with a single eruption only. The differences between the two experiments are significant. We conclude that there is no justification to use one eruption only and both climatic eruptions should be taken into account in future emission datasets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

2019

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“…Furthermore, a group of colorized 3D images of soybean plants were divided into fifteen single areas for 15 pots automatically according to spatial information. Finally, the reconstructed 3D plant points were used to calculate the following three phenotypic traits for each soybean plant: (1) the plant height (H) was the shortest distance from the upper boundary of the main photosynthetic tissues (excluding inflorescences) of a plant to the ground level [40]; (2) the canopy breadth, which consisted of two aspects: the width across-row (WAR) distance is the distance along the x-axis, while the width in-row (WIR) distance is the distance along the y-axis [30]; and (3) the color indices in the HSI color space.…”

Section: Overall Process Flow For Calculating Phenotypic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above studies confirmed the abilities of color indices to assess plant health.Increasing the throughput of phenotyping is a great challenge in plant genetics, physiology, and breeding [27]. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of phenotyping methods, different types of sensor techniques, such as the use of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) cameras, ToF (Time of Flight) cameras, and 3D laser-scanning devices [28][29][30], have been introduced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Phenotyping Analysis of Potted Soybean Plants Using Colorized Depth Images Based on A Proximal Platform

Zhu

Guan

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Canopy color and structure can strongly reflect plant functions. Color characteristics and plant height as well as canopy breadth are important aspects of the canopy phenotype of soybean plants. High-throughput phenotyping systems with imaging capabilities providing color and depth information can rapidly acquire data of soybean plants, making it possible to quantify and monitor soybean canopy development. The goal of this study was to develop a 3D imaging approach to quantitatively analyze soybean canopy development under natural light conditions. Thus, a Kinect sensor-based high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) platform was developed for soybean plant phenotyping. To calculate color traits accurately, the distortion phenomenon of color images was first registered in accordance with the principle of three primary colors and color constancy. Then, the registered color images were applied to depth images for the reconstruction of the colorized three-dimensional canopy structure. Furthermore, the 3D point cloud of soybean canopies was extracted from the background according to adjusted threshold, and each area of individual potted soybean plants in the depth images was segmented for the calculation of phenotypic traits. Finally, color indices, plant height and canopy breadth were assessed based on 3D point cloud of soybean canopies. The results showed that the maximum error of registration for the R, G, and B bands in the dataset was 1.26%, 1.09%, and 0.75%, respectively. Correlation analysis between the sensors and manual measurements yielded R2 values of 0.99, 0.89, and 0.89 for plant height, canopy breadth in the west-east (W–E) direction, and canopy breadth in the north-south (N–S) direction, and R2 values of 0.82, 0.79, and 0.80 for color indices h, s, and i, respectively. Given these results, the proposed approaches provide new opportunities for the identification of the quantitative traits that control canopy structure in genetic/genomic studies or for soybean yield prediction in breeding programs.

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“…Earthquakes, steam, ash clouds and lahars resulted in the evacuation of nearly 150.000 people from the volcano's environment within a radius of 9-12 km in November 2017 (Gertisser et al, 2018). Finally, the eruption resulted in an ash cloud reaching up to an altitude of about 9.3 km (Marchese et al, 2018) and about 10 DU SO 2 above Bali (Hansen, 2017), which was not large and high enough to result 20 in a climatic impact. The last climatic eruption of Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

Niemeier¹,

Timmreck²,

Krüger³

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. In 1963 a series of eruptions of Mt. Agung, Indonesia, resulted in the 3rd largest eruption of the 20th century and claimed about 1900 lives. Two eruptions of this series injected SO2 into the stratosphere, a requirement to get a long lasting stratospheric sulfate layer. The first eruption on March 17th injected 4.7&#8201;Tg&#8201;SO2 into the stratosphere, the second eruption 2.3&#8201;Tg&#8201;SO2 on May, 16th. In recent volcanic emission data sets these eruption phases are merged together to one large eruption phase for Mt. Agung in March 1963 with an injection rate of 7&#8201;Tg&#8201;SO2. The injected sulfur forms a sulfate layer in the stratosphere. The evolution of sulfur is non-linear and depends on the injection rate and aerosol background conditions. We performed ensembles of two model experiments, one with a single and a second one with two eruptions. The two smaller eruptions result in a lower burden, smaller particles and 0.1 to 0.3&#8201;Wm&#8722;2 (10&#8211;20&#8201;%) lower radiative forcing in monthly mean global average compared to the individual eruption experiment. The differences are the consequence of slightly stronger meridional transport due to different seasons of the eruptions, lower injection height of the second eruption and the resulting different aerosol evolution. The differences between the two experiments are significant but smaller than the variance of the individual ensemble means. Overall, the evolution of the volcanic clouds is different in case of two eruptions than with a single eruption only. We conclude that there is no justification to use one eruption only and both climatic eruptions should be taken into account in future emission datasets.

show abstract

Monitoring the Agung (Indonesia) Ash Plume of November 2017 by Means of Infrared Himawari 8 Data

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

High-Throughput Phenotyping Analysis of Potted Soybean Plants Using Colorized Depth Images Based on A Proximal Platform

Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions

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