Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022

Nilles, Eric J.; Aubin, Michael de St; Dumas, Devan; Duke, William; Etienne, Marie Caroline; Abdalla, Gabriela; Jarolím, Petr; Oasan, Timothy; Garnier, Salome; Iihoshi, Naomi; López, Beatriz; Cruz, Lucia de la; Puello, Yosanly Cornelio; Baldwin, Margaret; Roberts, Kathryn W.; Peña, Farah; Durski, Kara; Sanchez, Isaac Miguel; Gunter, Sarah M.; Kneubehl, Alexander R.; Murray, Kristy O.; Lino, Allison; Strobel, Sarah; Báez, Amado Alejandro; Lau, Colleen L; Kucharski, Adam J.; Gutiérrez, Emily Zielinski; Skewes-Ramm, Ronald; Vasquez, Marietta; Paulino, Cecilia Then

doi:10.3201/eid2904.221628

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We previously reported on an independent cohort of patients presenting to health facilities in the Dominican Republic with undifferentiated febrile infection, and demonstrated similar normalization of population-level S-antibody titer distribution over time. 8 In South Africa, which has been heavily impacted by sequential waves of variant transmission, 13 a prospective serology-based cohort study documented similar trends before and after the Omicron BA.1 wave, with waning spike IgG antibody levels among individuals with high baseline antibody levels and boosting among individuals with lower baseline antibody levels. 14 Although we used a total S-antibody assay for our study, the underlying principle suggests that similar dynamics would be observed for any humoral marker that tracks with protection against infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Generalizable principles underly the evolution and shaping of population level SARS-CoV-2 immune markers

Nilles

Roberts

Aubin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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While individual level immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are well characterized, population immunity and the factors that drive population immune markers are largely undescribed. In this study, we examined spike antibody responses that track with infection risk amongst a household cohort in the northwest and southeast of the Dominican Republic. Our sampling period was from Aug 2021 to Nov 2022, capturing sequential waves of Delta, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 transmission. We show that population antibody levels normalized from a highly irregular to a Gaussian distribution, driven by accrued infections and antibody boosting among individuals with lower baseline immunity and waning among those with higher immunity, irrespective of interval vaccination. Using a limited number of predictor variables and out-of-sample validation methods we were able to predict S-antibody changes at the Nov 2022 timepoint with a high degree of accuracy (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.95 for predicted vs observed change). S-antibody level at the baseline sampling timepoint was by far the most influential predictor, demonstrated by a strong association when used as the only predictor variable (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.92). Findings were stable across geographically distinct study regions, suggesting drivers of immune dynamics apply equally across the Dominican Republic, and likely other countries with comparable transmission profiles. Our results suggest that given sufficient transmission, generalizable and discernable principles underly population immune dynamics. We propose that these findings can be used to delineate immune dynamics in other settings, inform transmission modeling, and guide public health priorities for SARS-CoV-2, and potentially other non-immune sterilizing emerging pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Generalizable principles underly the evolution and shaping of population level SARS-CoV-2 immune markers

Nilles

Roberts

Aubin

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The time interval was defined as the period between the most recent administration of a COVID-19 vaccine or occurrence of a COVID-19 infection and the time of blood sampling. To investigate the temporal dynamics of antibody concentrations concerning the interval from antigen exposure to delivery, quadratic curves were plotted using a polynomial regression approach to address the non-linear temporal dynamics seen in previous clinical observations [ 29 , 30 ]. Patients infected within 7 days were excluded from the regression as the prior univariable analysis revealed no significant antibody differences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Antenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potency

Chiang,

Hsu,

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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A pregnancy booster dose significantly reduces the risk and severity of COVID-19, and it is widely recommended. A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies from vaccination or infection during three trimesters against both the vaccine-targeted Wuhan strain and the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2. Maternal–infant dyads from vaccinated mothers were collected between 6 June 2022 and 20 September 2022. We analyzed 38 maternal–infant dyads from mothers who had been infected with COVID-19 and 37 from mothers without any previous infection. Pregnant women who received their last COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third trimester exhibited the highest anti-spike protein antibody levels and neutralizing potency against both the Wuhan strain and Omicron BA.2 variant in their maternal and cord plasma. Both second- and third-trimester vaccination could lead to a higher level of neutralization against the Wuhan and Omicron strains. COVID-19 infection had a negative effect on the transplacental transfer ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A booster dose during the second or third trimester is encouraged for the maximum transplacental transfer of humoral protection against COVID-19 for infants.

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Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies as correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the pre‐Omicron and Omicron era

Seekircher,

Astl,

Tschiderer

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2, which are elicited by vaccination and infection, are correlates of protection against infection with pre‐Omicron variants. Whether this association can be generalized to infections with Omicron variants is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 8457 blood donors in Tyrol, Austria, analyzing 15,340 anti‐Spike IgG antibody measurements from March 2021 to December 2022 assessed by Abbott SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG II chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Using a Bayesian joint model, we estimated antibody trajectories and adjusted hazard ratios for incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infection ascertained by self‐report or seroconversion of anti‐Nucleocapsid antibodies. At the time of their earliest available anti‐Spike IgG antibody measurement (median November 23, 2021), participants had a median age of 46.0 years (IQR 32.8–55.2), with 45.3% being female, 41.3% having a prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and 75.5% having received at least one dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine. Among 6159 participants with endpoint data, 3700 incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infections with predominantly Omicron sublineages were recorded over a median of 8.8 months (IQR 5.7–12.4). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio for SARS‐CoV‐2 associated with having twice the anti‐Spike IgG antibody titer was 0.875 (95% credible interval 0.868–0.881) overall, 0.842 (0.827–0.856) during 2021, and 0.884 (0.877–0.891) during 2022 (all p < 0.001). The associations were similar in females and males (Pinteraction = 0.673) and across age (Pinteraction = 0.590). Higher anti‐Spike IgG antibody titers were associated with reduced risk of incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infection across the entire observation period. While the magnitude of association was slightly weakened in the Omicron era, anti‐Spike IgG antibody continues to be a suitable correlate of protection against newer SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.

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Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Generalizable principles underly the evolution and shaping of population level SARS-CoV-2 immune markers

Generalizable principles underly the evolution and shaping of population level SARS-CoV-2 immune markers

Impact of Antenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potency

Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies as correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the pre‐Omicron and Omicron era

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