Monitoring structural evolution of organosilicate species during sol–gel processes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Li, Jun; Chen, Lei

doi:10.1002/rcm.7461

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The formation of silsesquioxanes from organotrialkoxysilanes depends on many parameters, e.g., temperature, water/silane molar ratio, solvent, the concentration of silane, organo groups, and catalysts [22,24,29,56,58,88,90,91]. The conditions to obtain certain silsesquioxanes are still not clear, and many were obtained through trial and error.…”

Section: Phase Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of Alkoxysilanes and Organoalkoxysilanes Polymerization: A Review

2019

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Scientists from various different fields use organo-trialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes in a number of applications. The silica-based materials are sometimes synthesized without a good understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics. This literature review attempts to be a comprehensive and more technical article in which the kinetics of alkoxysilanes polymerization are discussed. The kinetics of polymerization are controlled by primary factors, such as catalysts, water/silane ratio, pH, and organo-functional groups, while secondary factors, such as temperature, solvent, ionic strength, leaving group, and silane concentration, also have an influence on the reaction rates. Experiments to find correlations between these factors and reaction rates are restricted to certain conditions and most of them disregard the properties of the solvent. In this review, polymerization kinetics are discussed in the first two sections, with the first section covering early stage reactions when the reaction medium is homogenous, and the second section covering when phase separation occurs and the reaction medium becomes heterogeneous. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and other techniques are discussed in the third section. The last section summarizes the study of reaction mechanisms by using ab initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods alone, and in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) methods.

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Section: Phase Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, one should use quad-MS or TOF-MS, depending on the mass/charge ratio ( m / z ) of the compounds. If the m / z < 2000 amu, then LC-MS should be used [56,58,91]. If it is more than 2000 amu, the siloxanes should be investigated by MALDI-TOF [88,94] or LC-TOF [21,89].…”

Section: Identification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%