Monitoring stress tolerance and occurrences of upper respiratory illness in basketball players by means of psychometric tools and salivary biomarkers

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationships between stress tolerance, training load, banal infections and salivary parameters during 4 weeks of regular training in fifteen basketball players. The Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes' questionnaire (sources and symptoms of stress) and the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey were used on a weekly basis. Salivary cortisol and salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were collected at the beginning (before) and after the study, and measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ratings of perceived exertion (training load) were also obtained. The results from ANOVA with repeated measures showed greater training loads, number of upper respiratory tract infection episodes and negative sensation to both symptoms and sources of stress, at week 2 (p < 0.05). Significant increases in cortisol levels and decreases in SIgA secretion rate were noted (before to after). Negative sensations to symptoms of stress at week 4 were inversely and significantly correlated with SIgA secretion rate. A positive and significant relationship between sources and symptoms of stress at week 4 and cortisol levels were verified. In summary, an approach incorporating in conjunction psychometric tools and salivary biomarkers could be an efficient means of monitoring reaction to stress in sport. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Carga interna, tolerância ao estresse e infecções do trato respiratório superior em atletas de basquetebol

“…These results corroborate the findings of Moreira et al 18 in a research also conducted with basketball players. The authors reported correlations between the number of URTI episodes and "worse than normal" responses for both sources (r = 0.79) and symptoms of stress (r = 0.65) in the second week of the research.…”

“…Similarly, the findings of Moreira et al 18 in a 4-week study with basketball players during a competitive period showed that a decrease in ITL in the fourth week of the research provoke a decrease in "worse than normal" responses.…”

“…Relevant associations between ITL and other responses to the training process (episodes of infection and stress tolerance) [16][17][18] have been observed in recent studies conducted with athletes from different sports. In these studies, the Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes questionnaire (DALDA), developed by Rushall 19 to assess stress tolerance, and the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 (WURSS-21) 20 , developed for monitoring of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) episodes and severity, have been widely used.…”

Carga interna de treinamento e respostas comportamentais em jovens ginastas

“…O questionário foi respondido semanalmente, conforme os procedimentos adotados em outros estudos (MOREIRA et al, 2011;ROBSON-ANSLEY;BLANNIN;GLEESON, 2007). O questionário DALDA é dividido em duas partes (A e B), as quais dizem respeito às fontes e sintomas de estresse, respectivamente.…”

“…Nesse sentido, questionários e diários vêm sendo utilizados para determinar o efeito da carga de treinamento nas respostas comportamentais dos atletas (estados de humor, tolerância ao estresse, bem-estar, qualidade de recuperação, infecção do trato respiratório superior, entre outros). Muitos estudos têm utilizado esta abordagem em conjunto com a PSE da sessão, adotando instrumentos psicométricos, os quais provem boa utilidade e fácil aplicação (GOMES et al, 2013;MCLEAN et al, 2010;MOREIRA et al, 2011;NUNES et al, 2014).…”