Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Vadas, Peter; Busch, Dennis; Powell, J. M.; Brink, G. E.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.08.026

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Impacts of cattle grazing of pastures or grasslands on water and nutrient erosion have been more widely studied than crop residue grazing. Studies in Wisconsin (Vadas et al, 2015), Iowa (Schwarte et al, 2011), Oklahoma (Daniel et al, 2006), and Montana (Emmerich and Heitschmidt, 2002) have found that grazing of pastures can increase sediment and nutrient losses in runoff.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?

Blanco‐Canqui

Stalker²,

Rasby

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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A better understanding of the implications of corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing and baling on soil and environmental quality is needed to develop sustainable integrated crop-livestock production systems. We studied how corn residue grazing and baling impacted water erosion in a rainfed and an irrigated site in Nebraska after one and seven grazing seasons, respectively. Treatments were grazing (4.4 animal unit mo [AUM] ha −1 ), baling, and control (no residue removal) in triplicate at the rainfed site on a Yutan silty clay loam (6% slope) and light grazing (2.5 AUM ha −1 ), heavy grazing (5 AUM ha −1 ), baling, and control in duplicate at the irrigated site on Duroc loam and Satanta loam (5.3% slope). We measured erosion under simulated rainfall for 30 min at an intensity of 6.3 ± 1.2 cm h −1 . Erosion did not increase after one season of grazing at the rainfed site, but it significantly increased after seven seasons of grazing at the irrigated site. At this site, both heavy and light grazing increased runoff by 3.3 mm and sediment loss by 0.26 Mg ha −1 . Baling had larger effects on water erosion than grazing. Across both sites, baling reduced time to runoff start by 14 min and increased runoff by 13 mm and sediment loss by 2.7 Mg ha −1 . While grazing after seven seasons increased nutrient loss, baling caused larger nutrient losses at both sites. Overall, grazing caused runoff losses of sediment, C, and nutrients in the long term, but baling consistently increased such losses in both short and long term.Abbreviations: AUM, animal unit month; EC, electrical conductivity. C orn (Zea mays L.) residue is an essential component of integrated croplivestock systems (Sulc and Franzluebbers, 2014). Whether grazed or baled, residue provides a low-cost feed for ruminant livestock production (Rasby et al., 2014;Stalker et al., 2015). Corn residue grazing or baling is an increasingly common practice in the Midwest to meet the increasing demands for forage, particularly in the fall and winter months when forage supply is limited. Increased conversion of grasslands to corn and soybean (Glycine max L.) production and increased feed costs have augmented demands for crop residues as forage in recent years.A better understanding of residue grazing and baling implications on soil and environmental quality is needed to support and develop sustainable crop-livestock production systems. One of the questions related to soil and water quality is: Does residue baling or grazing increase risks of water erosion under intense rainstorms? Increasing climatic fluctuations with severe drought and intense rainstorm events may increase the soil's susceptibility to water erosion if soil surface protective cover is reduced through crop residue baling or grazing (Nearing et al., 2004). Studies indicate that in the Midwest, the number of intense storms with 75 mm d −1 have increased by 103% in the last 50 yr (Saunders et al., 2012 Core Ideas• Water erosion did not increase after one season of grazing, but it significantly increased after seven se...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?

Blanco‐Canqui

Stalker²,

Rasby

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…From this semi-empirical approach, it was concluded that if applied in December, soluble P fertilizers would account for <10% of total P exports for the year (McDowell et al, 2009b;McDowell and Catto, 2005). While the methodology did not readily lend itself to detailed scenario testing and the outcomes of the study have been questioned , they are consistent with other modeling (Vadas et al, 2015).…”

Section: Quantifying the Short-term Impacts Of Fertilizer On Phosphormentioning

confidence: 84%

Direct Exports of Phosphorus from Fertilizers Applied to Grazed Pastures

Nash¹,

McDowell

Condron

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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Since its discovery in 1669, phosphorus (P) in the form of fertilizer has become an essential input for many agroecosystems. By introducing a concentrated P source, fertilizers increase short‐term P export potential soon after their application and longer‐term export potential by increasing soil fertility (legacy P). The 4R concept was developed to help mitigate P exports from the fertilizers that sustain agricultural productivity. This review investigates the factors affecting P exports soon after the application of mineral fertilizers to pasture‐based grazing systems and studies quantifying its potential impact in different systems, with an emphasis on Australasia. Initially, P fertilizers and reactions that might affect their short‐term P export potential are reviewed, along with P transport pathways, the forms of P exported from grazing systems, factors affecting P mobilization into water, and studies demonstrating the possible short‐term effects of fertilizer application on P exports. Using that foundation, we review studies quantifying the short‐term impact of fertilizer application in different regions; they show that under poor management, recently applied fertilizer can contribute a considerable proportion (30–80%) of total farm P exports in drainage, but when fertilizer is well‐managed, that figure is expected to be <10%. We then use three model systems of varying hydrology that are common to Australasia to demonstrate the principles for selecting fertilizers that are likely to minimize P exports soon after their application. Core Ideas Fertilizers increase P exports directly or by increasing P cycling. We review P pathways and processes relevant to grazing systems. Direct fertilizer P exports can be comparatively small (<10% of annual exports). Fertilizer selection to minimize P exports in three model systems is demonstrated.

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“…It means that the total amount of Phosphorus in the composting process is theoretically unchanged. Phosphorus losses during the composting process are theoretically zero (ΔP = 0) but it is reported as it was lost, actually loss occurs due to leakage caused by leachate or run-off [15], discharge of nutrients due to leachate or run-off should be included in the nutrient load due to soil movement and water environment (Eq. 9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient production from Korean poultry and loading estimations for cropland

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPoultry breeding has increased by 306% in Korea, inevitably increasing the production of manure which may contribute to environmental pollution. The nutrients (NP) in the manure are essential for crop cultivation and soil fertility when applied as compost. Excess nutrients from manure can be accumulated on the land and can lead to eutrophication. Therefore, a nutrient load on the finite land should be calculated.MethodsThis study calculates the nutrient production from Korean poultry by investigating 11 broiler and 16 laying hen farms. The broiler manure was composted using deep litter composting while for layer deep litter composting, drying, and simple static pile were in practice. The effect of weight reduction and storing period during composting was checked. Three weight reduction cases of compost were constructed to calculate nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) using data from; i) farm investigation, ii) theoretical P changes (ΔP = 0), and iii) dry basis.ResultsDuring farm investigation of broiler and layer with deep litter composting, there was a 68 and 21% N loss whereas 77 and 33% P loss was found, respectively. In case of layer composting, a loss of 10-56% N and a 52% P loss was observed. Drying manure increased the P concentrations therefore NLCs calculated using dry basis that showed quite higher reductions (67% N; 53% P). Nutrient loss from farm investigation was much higher than reported by Korean Ministry of Environment (ME).ConclusionsNutrients in manure are decreased when undergo storing or composting process due to microbial action, drying, and leaching. The nutrient load applied to soil is less than the fresh manure, hence the livestock manure management and conservation of environment would be facilitated.

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Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?

Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?

Direct Exports of Phosphorus from Fertilizers Applied to Grazed Pastures

Nutrient production from Korean poultry and loading estimations for cropland

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