“…This technique has been used for investigating spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity from a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous systems (CNSs) (for reviews see Cohen & Salzberg, ; Salzberg, ; Grinvald, Frostig, Lieke, & Hildesheim, ; Canepari, Zecevic, & Bernus, ). In our previous investigations, we established the feasibility of VSD recording for detecting electrical activity from embryonic nervous systems (for reviews see Glover, Sato, & Momose‐Sato, ; Momose‐Sato, Sato, & Kamino, , ; Sato & Momose‐Sato, ). We applied the optical recording technique to the embryonic chick, rat, and mouse CNSs and succeeded in elucidating spatiotemporal patterns and developmental dynamics of neural activity in several sensory and motor nuclei (for reviews see Momose‐Sato et al., ; Momose‐Sato, Sato, & Kamino, ; Momose‐Sato et al., ; Momose‐Sato & Sato, , ).…”