Monitoring ovarian cycles, pregnancy and post-partum in captive marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) by measuring fecal steroids

Polegato, Bruna Furlan; Zanetti, Eveline dos Santos; Duarte, José Maurício Barbanti

doi:10.1093/conphys/cox073

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As observed in other ungulate species (Asa et al, 1996;Khonmee et al, 2014;Ostrowski et al, 2005;Polegato et al, 2018;Thompson et al, 1998), hormonal profiles of oestrous cycles showed higher fPM concentrations during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase. However, fEM profiles of the female roan antelope did not show significant increases in the follicular phase when compared to the luteal phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Kamgang

Bennett

Goot³

et al. 2022

Journal of Zoology

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Although ovarian endocrine activity has been described in most members of the tribe Hippotragini, little is known about the reproductive endocrine correlates of the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), an endangered antelope species of southern Africa. This study characterised the endocrine pattern of the reproductive activity (oestrous cycle, pregnancy and post‐partum period) in the female roan antelope by monitoring faecal progestogen metabolite (fPM) concentrations and oestrogen metabolite (fEM) concentrations for cyclicity and observing reproductive behaviours. The study was carried out over the course of 12 months. At the beginning of this study, all 18 focal females (nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous) were monitored for cyclicity (for between 3 and 4 months). Following observed copulation, pregnancy in multiparous females (n = 10) was subsequently monitored until parturition and 21 days post‐partum. Individual faecal samples were collected three times per week during the presumed period of cyclicity, twice per week during pregnancy and daily for 21 days post‐partum. Mating births, courtship events, and copulations were recorded when observed. In eight of the 18 females monitored, the patterns of fPM and fEM concentrations indicated oestrous cycle lengths (n = 10) of approximately 30.8 ± 2.1 days. The determined lengths of luteal and follicular phases were approximately 15.8 ± 1.5 days and 14.6 ± 2.1 respectively. Pregnancy was marked by a pronounced increase in fPM concentrations until parturition, and lasted approximately 280.4 ± 4.8 days; whereas the intercalving period ranged between 306 and 380 days (n = 9; mean: 333.2 ± 7.4 days). Twenty‐one day after parturition, 78% of the focal females (n = 5) did not show a resumption of the ovarian activity. This study demonstrated that monitoring faecal reproductive hormone metabolite patterns is a valuable approach for estimating ovarian activity in roan antelope and may be used to assist respective conservation breeding programmes by improving management practices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Kamgang

Bennett

Goot³

et al. 2022

Journal of Zoology

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“…The values of progesterone concentration of each female from the day after the last day of estrous behavior were considered basal and from these, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. Values greater than the criterion value (mean + 2SD) were considered indicative of the luteal phase ( Thompson et al, 1998 ; Pereira et al, 2006 ; Polegato et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low invasive estrous synchronization protocol for wild animals: an example with melengestrol acetate in brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

et al. 2020

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Deer are sensitive to stressful stimuli by handling and their reproductive physiology could be altered by these procedures, making it necessary to develop less invasive protocols for ART. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), a synthetic progestin administered orally, appears as an alternative for estrous synchronization protocols (ESP), such as reported in cattle. Firstly, we compared two MGA doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal), which would have suppression effect in estrous behavior (EB). Eight females were randomly and equally distributed in Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2), which received 0.5 and 1.0 mg/day/animal respectively for 15 days (D1 to D15). Two cloprostenol (CP) applications were performed on D0 and D11. Estrus detection (ED) was performed every day. All females from G1 displayed estrus during treatment period, whereas all females from G2 displayed estrus after treatment, suggesting a suppressive effect of 1.0 mg in the EB. Once the suppressive MGA dose (1.0 mg) was defined, we used this dose for assessing ESP. The same eight females received 1.0 mg/animal for eight days (D-8 to D-1), followed by 0.25 mg of estradiol benzoate on D-8 and 265 μg of CP on D0. Feces for fecal progesterone metabolites (FPM) measurement were collected from D0 until seven days after the last day of estrus. Seven females displayed estrus between 12 and 72 h after CP application, which was followed by a significant increase in FPM levels (except female MG6), suggesting the formation of corpus luteum. After ED, females were placed with a fertile male to assess the fertility of the protocol. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound 30 days after mating in 3/6 individuals. Although the low effectiveness of MGA protocol, it should be considered as a promising alternative in deer ESP since this protocol has less stressful effect on the animal during reproductive management when compared to other ESP.

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“…The animals showed behavioral estrus on average 58 h after the end of the treatment (ranging from 40 to 64 h). Ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum were verified by monitoring fecal progestins [89]. In M. gouazoubira, cloprostenol has also been tested using two injections ten days apart, resulting in 100% (n = 6) of hinds expressing behavioral estrus after 40 to 69 h of the last application [24].…”

Section: Control Of the Estrous Cycle And Artificial Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females in estrus manifest an increase in the rate of urination, decreased reactivity to the presence of the handlers, lordosis response to the handlers, which is often accompanied by a rapid wagging of the tail (Figure 3A), vulvar hyperemia, and abundant mucoid translucent discharge. Studies have shown the occurrence of such signs in B. dichotomus [89], M. americana [95], and M. nemorivaga [96].…”

Section: Control Of the Estrous Cycle And Artificial Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assisted Reproductive Technology in Neotropical Deer: A Model Approach to Preserving Genetic Diversity

Rola

Buzanskas

Melo³

et al. 2021

Animals

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One of the most significant challenges in deer is the ability to maintain genetic diversity, avoiding inbreeding and sustaining population health and reproduction. Although our general knowledge of reproductive physiology is improving, it appears that the application of assisted reproductive technology (ART) will more efficiently advance wildlife conservation efforts and preserve genetic diversity. The purpose of this review is to present the most important results obtained with the use of ART in Neotropical deer. Thus, the state-of-the-art for estrus synchronization, semen technology, artificial insemination, and in vivo embryo production will be presented. In vitro embryo production (IVP) is also a biotechnology that is taking initial steps in deer. In this aspect, the approach with the proteomics of ovarian follicular fluid is being used as a tool for a better understanding of oocyte maturation. Finally, cell banks and the use of interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) as well as the use of stem cells for gametes differentiation are promising techniques.

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Monitoring ovarian cycles, pregnancy and post-partum in captive marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) by measuring fecal steroids

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Low invasive estrous synchronization protocol for wild animals: an example with melengestrol acetate in brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

Assisted Reproductive Technology in Neotropical Deer: A Model Approach to Preserving Genetic Diversity

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