Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality

Kunst, Anton E.; Bos, Vivian; Andersen, Otto; Cardano, Mario; Costa, Giuseppe; Harding, Seeromanie; Hemström, Örjan; Layte, Richard; Regidor, Enrique; Reid, Alison; Santana, Paula; Valkonen, Tapani; Mackenbach, Johan P.

doi:10.4054/demres.2004.s2.9

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A main advantage of educational level is that it can be applied to all ages, while a disadvantage is that changing educational compositions of subsequent generations may reduce comparability over time. 33 This study reveals deep socioeconomic inequalities in induced abortion in Barcelona, Spain, where the abortion rate is rising. The trends identified in this study suggest that policy efforts to reduce unintended pregnancies are failing in Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Trends in Inequalities in Induced Abortion According to Educational Level among Urban Women

et al. 2010

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This study aims to describe trends in inequalities by women's socioeconomic position and age in induced abortion in Barcelona (Spain) over 1992-1996 and 2000-2004. Induced abortions occurring in residents in Barcelona aged 20 and 44 years in the study period are included. Variables are age, educational level, and time periods. Induced abortion rates per 1,000 women and absolute differences for educational level, age, and time period are calculated. Poisson regression models are fitted to obtain the relative risk (RR) for trends. Induced abortion rates increased from 10.1 to 14.6 per 1,000 women aged 20-44 (RR=1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-1.47) between 1992-1996 and 2000-2004. The abortion rate was highest among women aged 20-24 and 25-34 and changed little among women aged 35-44. Among women aged 20-24 and 25-34, those with a primary education or less had higher rates of induced abortion in the second period. Induced abortion rates also grew in those women with secondary education. In the 35-44 age group, the induced abortion rate declined among women with a secondary education (RR=0.66; 95% CI 0.60-0.73) and slightly among those with a greater level of education. Induced abortion is rising most among women in poor socioeconomic positions. This study reveals deep inequalities in induced abortion in Barcelona, Spain. The trends identified in this study suggest that policy efforts to reduce unintended pregnancies are failing in Spain. Our study fills an important gap in literature on recent trends in Southern Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Trends in Inequalities in Induced Abortion According to Educational Level among Urban Women

et al. 2010

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“…Consequently, our data are not subject to the numerator/denominator bias present in some comparative studies that use dual data sources to estimate mortality (for a discussion of this type of bias see for example Kunst et al 2004;Shkolnikov et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational differences in all-cause mortality by marital status

Kohler

Martikainen²,

Smith³

et al. 2008

DemRes

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“…To reveal possible international variations in age-specific trends, a distinction was made between younger, middle-aged and older adults. Kunst et al (2004; expressed relative inequalities in mortality by means of the RII, Kunst et al (2004; [b] Source: Blakely et al (2005) [c] Source: Preston and Elo (1995); the presented measure is the Slope Index of Inequality divided by the overall mean death rate, which also called Relative Index of Inequality (cf. Methods Section); no confidence intervals available; white males and females only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widening educational disparities in all-cause mortality: An analysis of Austrian data with international comparisons

Schwarz¹

2007

Populationyearbook

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Recent studies have demonstrated a widening in the relative mortality gap between the various socio-economic classes in several industrialised, Western countries. The present paper aims to determine whether or not education-related differentials in mortality have increased between 1981/82 and 1991/92 in Austria, and compares these findings with those gleaned from other European countries as well as the US and New Zealand. For the Austrian analysis, the data source consists of census records from 1981 and 1991 for the entire Austrian population that were linked with the respective death registry records for a follow-up period of one year. The disparities were measured by means of the regression-based Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality. The findings suggest that educational inequalities in mortality have widened in Austria, but more among men than among women. Austrian results are similar to patterns observed in other countries. International patterns pertaining to social disparities in mortality appeared mixed, when we distinguish between the various age groups and between men and women. However, widening educational mortality disparities are a worldwide phenomenon, a phenomenon that persists even when the educational expansion of the 1980s is taken into account.

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Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality

Cited by 83 publications

References 20 publications

Trends in Inequalities in Induced Abortion According to Educational Level among Urban Women

Trends in Inequalities in Induced Abortion According to Educational Level among Urban Women

Educational differences in all-cause mortality by marital status

Widening educational disparities in all-cause mortality: An analysis of Austrian data with international comparisons

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