The article discusses the main approaches to assessing the effectiveness of scientific activities of scientific and educational organizations. Evaluation of the effectiveness of scientific activity implies the use of a certain arsenal of methods that allow analyzing the state and development of indicators of research work, as well as the ability to measure the analyzed parameters using mathematical and statistical apparatus. Within the framework of the analysis of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of scientific activities of scientific and educational organizations, the following problematic and promising aspects are identified: access to primary, source data on publications, implementing organizations, research scientists, scientific conferences held, etc.; when analyzing the results of scientific activity, it is absolutely necessary to link, identify the objects of accounting in the bibliographic database: publications (article, dissertation, monograph, etc.), authors, scientific journals, scientific and practical conferences held, organization (for affiliation of authors and publications), grant-forming funds and organizations, etc.; completeness, or coverage of the effectiveness of scientific activity within the framework of scientometric analysis (in which and in how many scientometric databases it is advisable to search), in which it is necessary to use methods of qualified selection of publications to ensure the necessary completeness and quality; active use of modern analytical tools; indication of the thematic direction and heading of the State Scientific and Technical Information; quality of the submitted materials in bibliographic databases; availability of various information systems to account for the results of scientific activity; evaluation of scientific activity by specially selected experts who have a certain weight in the scientific professional community. Scientometric approaches are important in the context of the digital transformation of the branch of science and higher education, moreover, they are conducive to scientific communication in the existing information society, which is significant for the development of scientific activity in general.