Monitoring of the polymerization of vinylacetate by near IR FT Raman spectroscopy

Özpozan, Talat; Schräder, Bernhard; Keller, Stefan

doi:10.1016/s1386-1425(97)83003-x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 11 shows versus SWF. For solid weight contents less than 5%, increases with solid content, as predicted from Eqns (6) and (7). At higher SWF, however, I ref decreases with increasing SWF, while remains more or less constant, analogous to the results obtained with increasing particle size.…”

Section: Influence Of the Solid Weight Fractionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Brink

Pepers

Herk

2002

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The influence of elastic light scattering on the Raman signal of polymer latexes was investigated by varying the sample position relative to the confocal Raman probe. Measurements on polystyrene latexes revealed that the absolute Raman signal is very sensitive to the alignment of the sample. Furthermore, it was shown that for particle sizes below 140 nm and solid weight contents below 20%, changes in the absolute Raman signal can be described fairly well by turbidity laws. For larger particle sizes and higher solid weight contents deviations occur, but a correlation between these variables and the Raman signal still exists. In contrast, the normalized intensities are not influenced by varying the sample alignment in measurements on polymer latexes when using an excitation laser source at 532 nm. The important consequence of this is that the determination of chemical composition is not influenced by the elastic light scattering effects.

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Section: Influence Of the Solid Weight Fractionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Brink

Pepers

Herk

2002

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Neste sentido têm sido utilizadas técnicas como, por exemplo, dilatometria [30,[32][33][34][35] , espectroscopia fotoacústica [36] , espectroscopia de infravermelho (IR) [37,38] , calorimetria diferencial [39][40][41] , espectroscopia Raman [42,43] , espalhamento de luz [44] , e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica [45,46] .…”

Section: Gravimetriaunclassified

Fotopolimerização: princípios e métodos

Rodrigues

Neumann

2003

Polímeros

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Resumo: O interesse na Fotoquímica de Polímeros tem crescido nas últimas décadas devido não somente ao grande número de novas aplicações como também à repercussão do ponto de vista econômico, técnico e ecológico. A fotopolimerização/fotocura tem recebido a atenção especial devido às incontáveis aplicações e a sua importância na área de Materiais. A cinética destes processos necessita de métodos analíticos precisos e rápidos para ser avaliada. Entre os métodos analíticos convencionais, os mais usados são a gravimetria e a medida de propriedades macroscópicas, como resistência à tração, à deformação e dureza. Entretanto, para determinações mais analíticas é conveniente usar métodos que permitam estudar a cinética de fotopolimerização em tempo real. Neste sentido têm sido usadas técnicas como dilatometria, espectroscopia Raman, calorimetria, e espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier em tempo real. A atividade no campo da polimerização continua a se expandir em muitas áreas e, recentemente, o interesse nos sistemas do fotoiniciação envolvendo a polimerização via radicais livres, iniciada por luz visível, tem recebido atenção especial. Recentemente, estudos sobre fotopolimerização catiônica induzida pela luz visível começaram a ser pesquisados novamente devido à grande variedade de monômeros que são polimerizáveis por via catiônica mas não por via radicar, como, por exemplo, oxiranas e éteres vinílicos. Palavras-chave: Fotopolimerização catiônica, fotopolimerização via radicalar, dilatometria, calorimetria, gravimetria, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier. Photopolymerization: Principles and MethodsAbstract: The interest for Polymer Photochemistry has been growing in the last decades as a consequence not only of the great number of new applications as well as due to the repercussion of economical, technical and ecological characters. The photopolymerization -photocuring processes have received special attention due to the countless and important applications in the area of Materials. The kinetics of these processes needs fast and precise analytic methods to be evaluated. Among the conventional analytic methods, the most used are gravimetry and the determination of macroscopic properties, as resistance to traction, deformation and hardness. However, for a better insight in the reactions it is convenient to use more advanced analytic methods, in order to study the photopolymerization kinetics in real time. Dilatometry, Raman spectroscopy, calorimetry, and real time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are some of the techniques that have been used. Activity in the field of photopolymerization continues to expand in many areas and recently, the interest in photoinitiation systems involving the initiation of free-radical polymerization with visible light irradiation has been retaken. Additionally, studies on cationic photopolymerization induced by visible light started again to be studied because of the large variety of monomers that can be photopolymerized by via cation ini...

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“…Raman spectroscopy was effective for monitoring monomer consumption for any kind of polymerization process . Its compatibility with aqueous medium made it a suitable technique for emulsion polymerization processes (homopolymerization or copolymerization of various monomers) . Monitoring monomer conversion by Raman spectroscopy generally relied on the variation of a ratio of intensities or integrated intensities of a specific monomer band to a reference band, which was assumed unaffected by the reaction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ conversion monitoring of styrene emulsion polymerization by deconvolution of a single reference band near 1,000 cm⁻¹

Dropsit

Hoppe

Chapron

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Styrene emulsion polymerization was performed in batch reactor using Raman spectroscopy for in situ monitoring of styrene conversion. The variation of the band of trigonal aromatic ring breathing at 1,000 cm−1 was analyzed in detail as a function of monomer conversion (wavenumber, integrated intensity, and half‐width at half‐maximum). The observed variation was described both qualitatively and quantitatively by a model assuming that the overall signal resulted from the addition of two close and distinct Gaussian signals, one originating from the monomer and the other one from the polymer repeat units. A reliable estimation of monomer conversion was obtained using the relative contributions of both components. The results were comparable to those obtained using the ratio of integrated intensities of the band at 1,000 cm−1 (overlapping signals of monomer and polymer) and the band at 1,631 cm−1 (signal specific to monomer). It was shown experimentally that information about monomer conversion could be obtained by applying linear model mixture to a single band of Raman spectrum, which provided an alternative method to the use of a ratio of integrated intensities.

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Monitoring of the polymerization of vinylacetate by near IR FT Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Fotopolimerização: princípios e métodos

In situ conversion monitoring of styrene emulsion polymerization by deconvolution of a single reference band near 1,000 cm⁻¹

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Monitoring of the polymerization of vinylacetate by near IR FT Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Raman spectroscopy of polymer latexes

Fotopolimerização: princípios e métodos

In situ conversion monitoring of styrene emulsion polymerization by deconvolution of a single reference band near 1,000 cm−1

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Product

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In situ conversion monitoring of styrene emulsion polymerization by deconvolution of a single reference band near 1,000 cm⁻¹