Monitoring of phenolic compounds and surfactants in water of Ganga Canal, Haridwar (India)

Abstract

The Ganga Canal emerging out from Ganga River has great ritual importance among pilgrims and tourists at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. The Canal is being polluted due to mass bathing, washing, disposal of sewage, industrial waste and these human activities are deteriorating its water quality. To determine the impact of these activities, Ganga Canal water quality at five sites between Haridwar and Roorkee namely Pantdweep, Har Ki Pauri, Singhdwar, Piran Kaliyar and Old Bridge, Roorkee has been analyzed for organic pollutants phenolic compounds and surfactants, which have rarely been assessed and reported so far. The results of analysis show that phenolic compounds are not present in water samples of selected five sites during bi-monthly monitoring from January 2012 to November 2012. The Har Ki Pauri, Singhdwar, Piran Kaliyar and Old Bridge, Roorkee sites have been detected with surfactant concentrations (1.18, 1.63, 3.2 and 2.5 mg/l) more than permissible limit (1.00 mg/l). Also at most of the sites, surfactants' concentration crossed the desirable limit of BIS during the period of analysis. This distribution of surfactants in water has potential risk for skin diseases and cancer and requires regular monitoring with appropriate measures.

Assessment of water quality and suitability analysis of River Ganga in Rishikesh, India

“…Population pressures, lack of proper investment in water quality infrastructure, limited governmental initiatives, and a lack of empowerment of the people all continue to contribute to the deteriorating state of the Ganga (Mishra and Tripathi 2008;Rai et al 2010). Till date, there have been various studies on river water quality with reference to geochemistry and pollution (NRCD 2008(NRCD , 2009Li et al 2009;Li and Zhang, 2010;Trivedi 2010;Seth et al 2013), and suitability assessment of groundwater for different uses (Kaushik et al 2000;Haritash et al 2008;Srinivas et al 2013;Sivasubramanian et al 2013). The water from River Ganga is used for irrigation primarily; and as a source for drinking water and industrial applications.…”

Water quality management using statistical analysis and time-series prediction model

“…Trihalomethanes compounds were determined in the drinking water samples at consumption sites and treatment plants of Okinawa and Samoa Islands and observed that the chloroform, bromodichloromethane compounds exceed the level of Japan water quality and World Health Organization (WHO) standards (APHA 1995;Imo et al 2007;WHO 1971). Water quality modeling using hydrochemical data, multiple linear regression, structural equation, predictability, trend and time-series analysis provides major tools for application in water quality management (Attah and Bankole 2012;Chenini and Khemiri 2009;Fang et al 2010;Singh et al 2004;Su et al 2011;Prasad et al 2013;Seth et al 2013). Water quality managers use regression equations to estimate constituent concentrations for comparison of current water quality conditions to water quality standards (Joarder et al 2008;Korashey 2009;Psargaonkar et al 2008;Singh et al 2004;Vassilis et al 2001;Ravikumar et al 2013).…”

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

“…However, literature survey also revealed that so far little work has been carried out on the water quality of Himalayan rivers of Kumaun. Thus, in continuation of our previous work (Gupta et al 2012a, b;Sharma et al 2012;Seth et al 2013aSeth et al , b, 2014Tyagi et al 2013), the aim of the present study is to investigate the drinking and irrigation water quality status of five major rivers of Kumaun division of Uttarakhand namely, Gola, Ramganga, Saryu, Kosi and Lohawati Rivers belonging to five districts of Kumaun division of Nainital, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora and Champawat districts, respectively. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate status of water quality of identified five rivers of Kumaun division of Uttarakhand, India.…”