Monitoring of Hemoglobin and Erythropoiesis-Related mRNA with Dried Blood Spots in Athletes and Patients

Loria, Francesco; Stutz, Andreas P; Rocca, Angela; Grabherr, Silke; Kuuranne, Tiia; Pruijm, Menno; Leuenberger, Nicolas

doi:10.4155/bio-2021-0252

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Eventually, the HCT average per sport discipline and athlete sex could be used for generic correction. Alternatively, a second spot could be used for the determination of haemoglobin concentration (HGB) 8 and ultimately HCT determination (3 × HGB g/dl).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the improved analytical sensitivity, DBS have already been successfully employed in the anti‐doping context for both direct detection of prohibited substances and indirect detection via the quantification of doping biomarkers. Finally, they could also be generated from ABP blood samples for long‐term storage 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, they could also be generated from ABP blood samples for long-term storage. 8 In this study, we compared the concentration levels of several endogenous steroids measured by ultra-high-performance LC (UHPLC)-MS/MS in three different blood matrices (serum, plasma and DBS) collected from 100 elite athletes participating in the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of three different blood matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids using UHPLC‐MS/MS

Salamin

Langer

Saugy

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Urine is currently the matrix of choice for the detection of exogenous substances but also for the application of the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) consisting in a longitudinal monitoring of steroid biomarkers. To fill the limitations related to urine, the longitudinal monitoring of serum steroids concentration in the so-called 'blood steroid profile' has recently been proposed. Although serum samples are collected much less than urine samples, plasma derived from ABP whole blood samples used for the full blood count could be exploited for the quantification of endogenous steroids. Alternatively, dried blood spots (DBS) that are much easier to collect could also serve as matrix for the steroid profile. In this study, we compared the concentration levels of several endogenous steroids measured in three different blood matrices (serum, plasma and DBS) collected from 100 elite athletes participating in the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships using UHPLC-MS/MS. Plasma

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of three different blood matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids using UHPLC‐MS/MS

Salamin

Langer

Saugy

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…In addition, the main technique of taekwondo is only for the movements of legs, and there is a similar routine "quality" in practice, so through the effective evaluation of the hemoglobin of taekwondo athletes and the beneficial adaptation changes, it can provide suggestions for the normal people and the people who have suffered from low dynamic hemoglobin. 6,7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Analysis After Overload Training in Athletes

Liu

2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: The cardiovascular system provides athletes with the proper conditions for blood circulation, ensuring the stability and normal metabolism of the body's internal environment during exercise. Objective: Investigate the effect of overload training on the hemoglobin of male taekwondo athletes. Methods: Twenty-one male taekwondo athletes (level 2 or higher) were selected and trained for four weeks, five days per week, with an initial load intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and a weekly intensity increase of 10%. Before training and on every weekend during training, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocyte count (Ret) were checked, RBC volume distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin content distribution width (HDW), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), mean reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration (CHCMr), serum iron (Fe) and ferritin (Fer). Results: After four weeks of increasing load training, athletes showed a progressive and significant decrease in Hb (P<0.01), manifested as exercise-induced hypohemoglobin, and MCV, MCH, MCHC, CHCMr, HDW, and serum ferritin were significantly or extremely decreased(P<0.) 05, P<0.01); RDW increased significantly (P<0.05); Changes in Ret and serum iron showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Correlation analysis found that hemoglobin concentration had the highest correlation with MCHC and CHCMr. Conclusion: Four-week incremental load training can induce exercise-induced hypohemoglobin in male taekwondo athletes, its changes being most correlated with MCHC and CHCMr, but without significant correlation with serum Fe, RDW, HDW, and MCV. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies -Investigation of Outcomes.

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“…9,10 For example, we demonstrated in our earlier study the suitability of DBSs to analyze RET-related mRNAs and HGB. 5,11 In this study, we aimed at demonstrating the applicability of the DBSs to monitor hematological markers and to study the capillary ferritin level in DBS for a marker of iron supplementation. According to our hypothesis, ALAS2 and CA1 should remain unaffected by iron infusion, and thus, monitoring the levels of RET-related mRNAs in DBSs could increase the specificity of the ABP model in relation to iron uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of iron injection on blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots

Loria

Maret

Schobinger

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Iron supplementation is not considered as a doping method; however, it can affect the levels of several biomarkers of the hematologic module of the athlete biological passport (ABP), such as the reticulocyte percentage (%RET) and hemoglobin (HGB) level. Thus, iron injection could be a confounding factor in antidoping analyses. Previous studies have suggested that the HGB level and the expression levels of reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs, such as 5′‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), could be promising biomarkers for the ABP and detectable in dried blood spots (DBSs). Therefore, in this study, we examined the impact of iron injection on the levels of these potential biomarkers in DBSs. Reticulocyte‐related‐mRNAs analyses were performed by RT‐qPCR. Ferritin level in DBS was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Notably, there were no significant effects of iron supplementation on the levels of ALAS2 and CA1 mRNAs but by contrast, the %RET and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) measured in whole blood increased significantly following iron injection. As expected, iron supplementation increased the ferritin level significantly in both serum and DBS samples. In conclusion, these findings reinforce the specificity of reticulocyte‐related mRNAs in DBSs as biomarkers of blood doping to target in antidoping analyses.

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Monitoring of Hemoglobin and Erythropoiesis-Related mRNA with Dried Blood Spots in Athletes and Patients

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of three different blood matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids using UHPLC‐MS/MS

Comparison of three different blood matrices for the quantification of endogenous steroids using UHPLC‐MS/MS

Hemoglobin Analysis After Overload Training in Athletes

The effects of iron injection on blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots

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