Monitoring of Dynamic Fluctuations in Microbiological and Bio-Physico-Chemical Properties of Multi-Functional Inoculated Triad Organic Mixtures during Different Aerobic Composting Systems

Abstract

The main objective of the present work aimed to produce, on a large scale, high quality stabilized matured microbial co-composts from the cheapest organic residues and maximizing their soil manuring values for using as soil conditioners and bio-organic fertilizers for bio-organic reclamation and rehabilitation of agricultural sandy and calcareous soils, and consecutively alleviate the environmental pollution and encourage them to replace the expensive agro-chemical fertilizers. The aerobic co-composting bioprocesses for bioconversion from the activated triad organic mixtures agricultural organic low-input cheapest residues rice straw (R), cotton stalks (C) and saw dust (S) were conducted on open site of the Experimental Research of Agricultural farm (un-controlled) Windrows (piles) conditions and on laboratories of Soil & Water Department (controlled) conditions Bin (PVC-barrels) conditions, Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh University. These experiments were started during summer season on June 2017 extended till and of September (120 days). For realizing these purposes, the following subjects were entirely achieved: 1-Preparation of the triad components RCS-mixtures by mixing rice straw (R), cotton stalks (C) and saw dust (S) on the basis 1:1:1 v/v preparation their activated organically O-RCS mixtures with chicken manures, fast release mineral activated with N,P,K and S mineral fertilizers mf-RCS-mixtures and slow release mineral activated ms-RCS-mixtures with rock-p, k-feldspar and mineral sulfur-s ᵒ for adjusting their elementary relative ratios C/N=30, C/P=100 and C/S=200. 2-Preparation and stowing 3 piles and charging 8 PVC-barrels with different activated RCS-mixtures. 3-Isolation, purification, enrichment and characterizations of the most potent isolates of cellulolytic microorganisms, phosphate and silicate solubilizing bacteria and non-symbiotic N 2 fixer Azotobacter and preparation their liquid culture inoculants. Molecular genetic characterization of cellulolytic isolates was performed by PCR. These microbial liquid inoculants were incorporated and inoculated the barrels and piles at mesophilic and maturity biophases at two doses for each biophase. Dynamic variations in temperature-degrees and pH-values Four typical co-composting thermal biophases were monitored throughout the aerobic co-composting incubation period elongated 120 days as follows: * Short mesophilic biophase (30 days, normal temperature) its grand mean (GM) Temp. 28 ᵒ C and 34 ᵒ C within barrels and piles respectively, acidic conditions (acid generation) its GM.pH value (6). * Thermophilic biophase (50 days, highly temperature) 43 ᵒ C, 55 ᵒ C within barrels and piles respectively, more alkaline conditions (NH 4 + evolution) its GM-pH value (8.7). * Cooling biophase (15 days, transmissive temp. conditions, median state conditions) GM. temp 34.5 ᵒ C and 36 ᵒ C respectively median alkaline conditions, its GM-pH value (8). * Maturation biophase (25 days, normal temp. conditions) GM. temp 26 ᵒ C and 25 ᵒ C respectively and normal acidic-alkaline m...