Monitoring of bluetongue virus in zoo animals in Spain, 2007–2019

Caballero‐Gómez, Javier; Cano‐Terriza, David; Pujols, Joan; Martínez‐Nevado, Eva; Carbonell, Maria Dolores; Guerra, R.; Recuero, Jesús; Soriano, Pilar; Barbero, Jesús Martín; García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio

doi:10.1111/tbed.14147

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…African ruminants (Gemsboks, Waterbuck, and Eland), Camelids (llamas and camels), and the tested elephant showed seropositivity for Orbiviruses , corroborating previous findings [ 10 , 47 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], suggesting the possible involvement of these African ruminants in these viruses’ cycle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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The Study of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Circulation and Vectors at the Municipal Parks and Zoobotanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (FPMZB-BH)

Caixeta,

Pinheiro,

Lucchesi

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) are Orbiviruses primarily transmitted by their biological vector, Culicoides spp. Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). These viruses can infect a diverse range of vertebrate hosts, leading to disease outbreaks in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. This study, conducted at the Belo Horizonte Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB-BH), Minas Gerais, Brazil, focused on Orbivirus and its vectors. Collections of Culicoides spp. were carried out at the FPMZB-BH from 9 December 2021 to 18 November 2022. A higher prevalence of these insects was observed during the summer months, especially in February. Factors such as elevated temperatures, high humidity, fecal accumulation, and proximity to large animals, like camels and elephants, were associated with increased Culicoides capture. Among the identified Culicoides spp. species, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, constituted 75%, and Culicoides pusillus Lutz, 1913, 6% of the collected midges, both described as competent vectors for Orbivirus transmission. Additionally, a previously unreported species in Minas Gerais, Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913, was identified, also suspected of being a transmitter of these Orbiviruses. The feeding preferences of some Culicoides species were analyzed, revealing that C. insignis feeds on deer, Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and European fallow deer (Dama dama). Different Culicoides spp. were also identified feeding on humans, raising concerns about the potential transmission of arboviruses at the site. In parallel, 72 serum samples from 14 susceptible species, including various Cervids, collected between 2012 and 2022 from the FPMZB-BH serum bank, underwent Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) testing for BTV and EHDV. The results showed 75% seropositivity for BTV and 19% for EHDV. Post-testing analysis revealed variations in antibody presence against BTV in a tapir and a fallow deer and against EHDV in a gemsbok across different years. These studies confirm the presence of BTV and EHDV vectors, along with potential virus circulation in the zoo. Consequently, implementing control measures is essential to prevent susceptible species from becoming infected and developing clinical diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Animals that survive the infection develop specific antibodies against the infecting serotype. However, the absence of cross-protection increases the risk of outbreaks when introducing an exotic serotype to animals previously exposed to other virus serotypes [ 4 , 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Circulation and Vectors at the Municipal Parks and Zoobotanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (FPMZB-BH)

Caixeta,

Pinheiro,

Lucchesi

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…High seropositivity of EEHV within multiple articles was also identified, as well as high seropositivity in elephants for the Bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus, especially considering that Elephantidae represented 1.6% of the dataset. The high seropositivity found for Bluetongue virus was suggested to occur from outbreaks from free-ranging wildlife or livestock surrounding the zoo (Dowgier et al 2018 , Caballero-Gomez et al 2021 ). In the same way, increased seroprevalence of WNV was found for captive Canidae and Felidae, a possible consequence of the role of various peridomestic mesocarnivores in WNV amplification cycles (Root, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoos are integral to public education and provide roughly 350 millions (USD) in global funds to conservation projects (Gusset and Dick 2011 ; Mellish et al 2019 ). Zoos can also monitor disease transmission at an individual level within their facility (Caballero-Gomez et al 2019 , 2021 ) and may provide greater insight into animal populations at the human-animal interface (Robinette et al 2017 ). Infectious diseases often remain the most common cause of mortality in zoo animals (Scaglione et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoos as Sentinels? A Meta-Analysis of Seroprevalence of Terrestrial Mammalian Viruses in Zoos

et al. 2023

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The One Health framework links animal, human, and environmental health, and focuses on emerging zoonotic pathogens. Understanding the interface between wildlife and human activity is critical due to the unpredictable nature of spillover of zoonotic pathogens from animals to humans. Zoos are important partners in One Health because of their contributions to education, conservation, and animal health monitoring. In addition, the housing of wildlife in captive and semi-natural settings makes zoos, especially relevant for detecting animal-related pathogens. A first step to determine the utility of zoos in contributing to pathogen surveillance is to survey the peer-reviewed literature. We, therefore, retrieved data from the previous 20 years and performed a meta-analysis to determine global patterns of viral seroprevalence in mammals housed in zoo collections from peer-reviewed literature. We analysed 50 articles, representing a total of 11,300 terrestrial mammals. Increased prevalence was found in viruses strictly targeting specific host taxonomy, especially in viruses transmitted through direct contact. Potentially complex patterns with geography were also identified, despite uneven sampling. This research highlights the role zoos could play in public health and encourages future standardized epidemiological surveillance of zoological collections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10393-023-01635-w.

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A systematic review quantifying host feeding patterns ofCulicoidesspecies responsible for pathogen transmission

Fairbanks,

Tildesley,

Daly

2024

Preprint

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Culicoidesbiting midges are significant vectors of various pathogens, impacting both human and animal health globally. Understanding their host feeding patterns is crucial for deepening our understanding of disease transmission dynamics and developing effective control strategies. While several studies have identified the sources of blood meals inCulicoides, a quantitative synthesis of their host preferences and the factors influencing these behaviours is lacking. A systematic literature search focused on gathering data on (1) host selection and (2) host preference. For reviewing host selection we focused on studies reporting the identification of blood meal sources in individualCulicoides. When reviewing host preference we focused on studies comparing the number ofCulicoidescaught on or nearby different host species at the same location. Analysis revealed that someCulicoidesspecies exhibit fixed host preferences, consistently feeding on specific hosts such as cattle and horses, while others display more opportunistic feeding behaviours. Notable variations were observed across different geographic regions. The findings indicate that host availability significantly influencesCulicoidesfeeding patterns. This study highlights the complexity of host selection inCulicoidesbiting midges, which has implications for disease transmission. The variability in feeding behaviours underscores the need for regional assessments to inform targeted vector control strategies.

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Monitoring of bluetongue virus in zoo animals in Spain, 2007–2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

The Study of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Circulation and Vectors at the Municipal Parks and Zoobotanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (FPMZB-BH)

The Study of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Circulation and Vectors at the Municipal Parks and Zoobotanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (FPMZB-BH)

Zoos as Sentinels? A Meta-Analysis of Seroprevalence of Terrestrial Mammalian Viruses in Zoos

A systematic review quantifying host feeding patterns ofCulicoidesspecies responsible for pathogen transmission

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