Monitoring of arsenic in drinking water of high schools and assessment of carcinogenic health risk in Multan, Pakistan

Gul, Matin; Mashhadi, Ahmad Farooq; Iqbal, Zafar; Qureshi, Tahir Imran

doi:10.1080/10807039.2019.1653167

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported for school-going children in Punjab, Pakistan (Murtaza et al 2020). Furthermore, Rahman et al (2021c) and Gul et al (2020) reported that groundwater in Jessore and Multan districts is not fit for human consumption due to excessive As contamination and high school students are at risk of experiencing chronic and carcinogenic health risks. Moreover, in West Bengal, India, a study revealed that school children in As exposed areas are at a high risk of As exposure through the consumption of contaminated drinking water (Joardar et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution: health risks to school-going children

Rana¹,

Alam²,

Musa

et al. 2022

Acta Geochim

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This study aimed to estimate arsenic (As) and iron (Fe) content in tubewell water (n = 58) in primary educational institutions and subsequently assess the health risks to school-going children. Results described that the As concentration ranged between 0.002 and 0.994 mg L−1 with an average value of 0.044 mg L−1; which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional guideline value of 0.01 mg L−1. Similarly, the Fe content varied from 0.05 to 10 mg L−1 averaging to 2.84 mg L−1. Samples of 55.17% contained a greater As concentration than 0.01 mg L−1 and 18.97% greater than Bangladesh drinking water quality (BDWQ) standard of 0.05 mg L−1, respectively. Meanwhile, 75.86% of samples contained a higher Fe concentration than the maximum Bangladesh permissible limit of 1 mg L−1. Health risk assessment indicated that girls are more vulnerable than boys are. The average hazard quotients (HQs) for As intake through drinking water were 6.01 ± 17.85 and 7.41 ± 22.03 for boys and girls, respectively, implying non-carcinogenic health risks to both genders. The HQs for Fe intake were less than threshold value of 1 indicating no health issues may arise from Fe intake alone. However, consumption of As and Fe may trigger health risks to students as indicated by the hazard index (HI), which was higher than 1. The average cancer risk (CR) values for both boys (0.0027 ± 0.008) and girls (0.0033 ± 0.0099) exceeded the threshold limit of 10–6–10–4, suggesting a possibility of lifetime cancer risks to the school-going children. Consequently, school authorities should find alternative ways to ensure safe drinking water for school-going children to avoid possible cancer and non-cancer health risks through consumption of As-poisoning water.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution: health risks to school-going children

Rana¹,

Alam²,

Musa

et al. 2022

Acta Geochim

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“…In Hyderabad, more than 40 people died in 2004 due to contaminated groundwater polluted with As and other toxic elements [23]. Arsenic toxicity is directed by limited essential water quality, parameters with environmental aspects like pH, turbidity, temperature, oxygen content, and micro-organisms that govern As impurity [24,25]. The deficit of high pH, cations like magnesium and calcium in drinking water, leads to cardiac ailments [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.

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“…In Bangladesh, arsenic contamination of tube well waters, which serves as the primary source of drinking water, has long been recognized as a serious public health issue [24,25]. For example, in the Punjab province of Pakistan over 20% of the total population are exposed to As pollution and there are many areas, i.e., Muzaffargarh [26], Rahim Yar Khan [27,28], Vehari [29], Mailsi [30], Bahawalpur [31], Lahore and adjacent areas [32] and Multan [33] in both the lower and upper Punjab, where As is much higher than the recommended WHO value [34]. Since the extent of this As-contamination issue is likely to extend well beyond the boundaries of the Punjab, there is an urgent need to analyze As concentrations in adjacent areas and assess the consequential possible human health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Associated Human Health Risk

et al. 2022

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Drinking water contamination by arsenic (As) is of significant concern due to its potential cause of cancer and arsenicosis. In this study, out of the 200 samples (n = 200), the mean As concentrations ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 3.30, 4.81, 4.42 and 3.85 µg L−1 in small residential, roadside, industrial and household areas, respectively. From 200 total samples, 9% of the groundwater samples showed As levels higher than the WHO safe guideline limit of 10 μg L−1. Human health risk was assessed using average daily intake (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) values which were found to be greater than the recommended values by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (1.0 and 10−6) for health risk assessment. The CR were ranged from 0–5.7 × 10−1, 4.0 × 10−1, 2.0 × 10−1 and 1.0 × 10−1 in small residential areas for children, adolescents, males and females, respectively. In roadside areas, the values ranged from 0–2.8 × 10−1, 4.0 × 10−1, 2.0 × 10−1 and 2.8 × 10−1 for children, adolescents, males and females, while 0–5.9 × 10−1, 4.1 × 10−1, 2.1 × 10−1 and 1.6 × 10−1 in industrial areas and 0–8.0 × 10−1, 2.91 × 10−1, 2.6 × 10−1 and 3.9 × 10−1 were calculated in household sites. All the CR values were found to be exceeding the US-EPA limit (10−6) recommending that the people in the study area are more prone to carcinogenic risk. Overall, it was concluded that due to presence of As in drinking water, these areas tend to be at higher cancer risks. To provide safe drinking water for the people living in these As-affected areas, urgent remedial and management steps are required.

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Monitoring of arsenic in drinking water of high schools and assessment of carcinogenic health risk in Multan, Pakistan

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution: health risks to school-going children

Groundwater arsenic poisoning in a primary educational institution: health risks to school-going children

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Associated Human Health Risk

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