Monitoring Nitrogen Deposition in Throughfall Using Ion Exchange Resin Columns: A Field Test in the San Bernardino Mountains

Fenn, Mark E.; Poth, Merrily

doi:10.2134/jeq2004.2007

Cited by 102 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Deposition fluxes were measured using ion exchange resin collectors which capture ions from solution as they percolate through the resin column (Fenn and Poth, 2004). Throughfall was collected under chaparral and coastal sage scrub vegetation at sites within several southern California counties.…”

Section: Nh 4 -N:no 3 -N Ratios In Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Fenn

Bytnerowicz

Schilling

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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H I G H L I G H T S• This study documents the increasing importance of on-road emissions of NH 3.• NO x emissions control mechanisms frequently result in NH 3 production and emissions.• NH 3 is an important driver of N deposition in urban-affected areas and near roadways.• NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratios in urban deposition are indicative of elevated NH 3 emissions.• On-road NH 3 emissions exceed agricultural emissions where 40% of the U.S. resides. We provide updated spatial distribution and inventory data for on-road NH 3 emissions for the continental United States (U.S.) On-road NH 3 emissions were determined from on-road CO 2 emissions data and empirical NH 3 :CO 2 vehicle emissions ratios. Emissions of NH 3 from on-road sources in urbanized regions are typically 0.1-1.3 t km −2 yr −1 while NH 3 emissions in agricultural regions generally range from 0.4-5.5 t km G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o, with a few hotspots as high as 5.5-11.2 t km −2 yr −1. Counties with higher vehicle NH 3 emissions than from agriculture include 40% of the U.S. population. The amount of wet inorganic N deposition as NH 4 + from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) network ranged from 37 to 83% with a mean of 58.7%. Only 4% of the NADP sites across the U.S. had b45% of the N deposition as NH 4 + based on data from 2014 to 2016, illustrating the near-universal elevated proportions of NH 4 + in deposition across the U.S. Case studies of on-road NH 3 emissions in relation to N deposition include four urban sites in Oregon and Washington where the average NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratio in bulk deposition was 2.3. At urban sites in the greater Los Angeles Basin, bulk deposition of NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N were equivalent, while NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N in throughfall under shrubs ranged from 0.6 to 1.7. The NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratio at 7-10 sites in the Lake Tahoe Basin averaged 1.4 and 1.6 in bulk deposition and throughfall, and deposition of NH 4 -N was strongly correlated with summertime NH 3 concentrations. On-road

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Section: Nh 4 -N:no 3 -N Ratios In Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Fenn

Bytnerowicz

Schilling

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…N wet during the rainy winter seasons was measured with ion exchange resin (IER) collectors based on the design by Fenn and Poth (2004), which can last 3-12 months as needed. Five IER collectors were installed in the open area around the study site on December 12, 2010 and collected on July 21, 2011.…”

Section: N Inputs From Atmospheric Deposition and Irrigation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen budgets of urban lawns under three different management regimes in southern California

Wang

Haver²,

Pataki

2013

Biogeochemistry

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We constructed nitrogen (N) budgets for the lawns of three simulated residences built to test the environmental impacts of three different residential landscape designs in southern California. The three designs included: a ''Typical'' lawn planted with cool season tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix), fertilized at the recommended rate for this species (192 kg -1 ha -1 year -1 ) and irrigated with an automatic timer; a design intended to lower N and water requirements (''Low Input'') with the warm season seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) fertilized at 123 kg -1 ha -1 year -1 and irrigated with a soil moisture-based system; and a design incorporating local best practices (''Low Impact'' lawn) that included the native sedge species Carex, fertilized at 48 kg -1 ha -1 year -1 and irrigated by a weather station-based system. Plant N uptake accounted for 33.2 ± 0.5 (tall fescue), 53.7 ± 0.7 (seashore paspalum), and 12.2 ± 1.3 % (Carex) of annual N inputs, while estimated N retention in soil was relatively large and similar in the three lawns (41-46 %). At lower N and water inputs than Typical, Low Input showed the highest annual clipping yield and N uptake, although it also had higher denitrification rates. Leaching inorganic N losses remained low even from the Typical lawn (2 %), while gaseous N losses were highly variable. The Low Input lawn was most efficient in retaining N with relatively low water and N costs, although its fertilization rates could be further reduced to lower gaseous N losses. Our results suggest that the choice of a warm-season, C 4 turf species with reduced rates of irrigation and fertilization is effective in this semi-arid region to maintain high productivity and N retention in plants and soils at low N and water inputs.

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“…We did not attempt to quantify total deposition or complete a N budget, but rather focused on a technique that would allow us to quantify inorganic N inputs to the ground layer. The IER method is a passive deposition collection technique, dependent on rainfall, which integrates inorganic inputs over the course of a predetermined sampling period (Fenn and Poth 2004). Precipitation passes through IER columns and inorganic N molecules bind to the resin and v www.esajournals.org are extracted in the lab.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IER columns were constructed using a 25 cm long PVC tube (1.25 cm inner diameter) filled with 45 g of Amberlite mixed-bed resin and topped with filter fiber to prevent organic matter from entering the column (Fenn and Poth 2004). Ion-exchange resin columns were attached to 25 cm diameter funnels and covered with an outer PVC shell to minimize temperature fluctuations.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen deposition across scales: hotspots and gradients in a California savanna landscape

Tulloss

Cadenasso

2015

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Nitrogen (N) deposition is a key component of global change. In order to predict the consequences of those changes, the spatial and temporal patterns of N deposition need to be quantified. We investigated patterns of inorganic-N deposition across two spatial scales-regional and local-in six oak savanna sites across north-central California during the 2008-2009 wet season. We found a regional-scale deposition gradient in which sites closer to urban and agricultural sources received higher rates of deposition than more remote sites. Additionally, sites closer to urban sources received a greater proportion of N as NO 3 À -N. At the local, within-site scale, canopy understories received greater N inputs compared to the adjacent open grassland. Temporal heterogeneity in N deposition was also found. Deposition exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, corresponding to the distinct wet-dry cycles characteristic of this Mediterranean ecosystem. While these spatial and temporal results were expected, it was surprising that the magnitude of the hotspot effect under oaks changed across the regional gradient. At the high deposition end of the regional gradient proportionally more N was received beneath canopies than at the low end of the gradient. This nonlinearity between local and regional scales demonstrates the importance of landscape context for understanding within-site dynamics and the need for multi-scalar research approaches. Incorporating regional-scale landscape context and local-scale vegetation structure, as well as temporal variability, into our understanding of deposition patterns is crucial for monitoring efforts as well as addressing potential ecological effects of increased N deposition.

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Monitoring Nitrogen Deposition in Throughfall Using Ion Exchange Resin Columns: A Field Test in the San Bernardino Mountains

Cited by 102 publications

References 23 publications

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Nitrogen budgets of urban lawns under three different management regimes in southern California

Nitrogen deposition across scales: hotspots and gradients in a California savanna landscape

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