Monitoring Mangrove Forest Degradation and Regeneration: Landsat Time Series Analysis of Moisture and Vegetation Indices at Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea

Aljahdali, Mohammed Othman; Munawar, Sana; Khan, Waseem Razzaq

doi:10.3390/f12010052

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The Red Sea comprises about 135 km 2 area of mangroves distributed up to the northern boundary of mangroves at 28.207302 o N. The central Red Sea is in an arid environment possessing high temperature and sparse rainfall; the mean annual (sporadic) rainfall in the Jeddah region is 55 mm (Aljahdali et al, 2021a). Some mangrove habitats of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea develop as a narrow fringe that could support halophytes located along the shore and adjacent to sand flats that may sometimes be flooded (Almahasheer et al, 2016;Rasul and Stewart, 2018).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Metal Contamination, Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress Response in Mangrove Avicennia marina in Central Red Sea

Alhassan

Aljahdali

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Anthropogenic activities have been on the increase in the urban environment and have led to contamination of the environment with toxic metals. However, mangrove plants’ response to heavy metal stress due to anthropogenic activities explains the metal bioavailability and its potential ecotoxicological effect. We carried out a multi-approach study to investigate i) if the concentrations of metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Pb, Sr, and V) in mangroves at the central Red Sea are due to the anthropogenic influence and are above the sediment quality guidelines and ii) if an increase in metal concentration influences height and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; glutathione S-transferase, GST; and superoxide dismutase, SOD) activities in Avicennia marina. There were significant variations (p < 0.05) in metal concentrations and antioxidants across the six mangrove ecosystems with higher concentrations at Al Lith (LT) and south Jeddah (SJ). Even though the concentrations of metals in mangrove leaves are slightly higher in LT than SJ, principal component analysis showed that higher concentrations of Cr, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb in mangrove leaves from SJ influence higher antioxidant enzyme activities and the lowest average mangrove height (2.01 m). This suggests that higher metal concentrations be factors for the biggest stress in these mangrove ecosystems. However, among the 13 metals, Cr (82.07 mg/kg), Cu (41.29 mg/kg), and As (10.30 mg/kg) in sediments have values within the ERL range of probable effect, while Ni (53.09 mg/kg) was above the ERM threshold. Hence, there is need to focus on monitoring these metals in mangrove sediments and their anthropogenic sources.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Metal Contamination, Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress Response in Mangrove Avicennia marina in Central Red Sea

Alhassan

Aljahdali

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…It takes 15 days on average for water to circulate the lagoon and the inflow rate is typically at 50 cm s −1 (Aljahdali et al, 2021). Strong evaporation led to an abrupt increase in salinity and temperature from S1 to S8 (Table 1).…”

Section: Restricted Circulation To the Southern End Of The Lagoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lagoons along the Red Sea are important transition systems providing essential socio-economic goods and services, such as shore protection, fisheries, carbon sequestration, etc. (Aljahdali and Alhassan, 2020a;Aljahdali et al, 2021). However, they possess extremely harsh conditions such as drought, high salinity and high temperature, which constitute an enormous challenge for mangroves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seawater from the Red Sea (25 ∼ 30 • C, salinity of 39‰) enters the Rabigh Lagoon through an open inlet (900 m wide and 2.5 m deep) as surface inflow. After circulating the lagoon, it exits in the form of subsurface flow (Figure 1B; Aljahdali and Alhassan, 2020a;Aljahdali et al, 2021). Strong evaporation substantially increases both water temperature and salinity along the inflow route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong evaporation substantially increases both water temperature and salinity along the inflow route. The southern end receives sporadic runoffs through urban regions (Figure 1C), and is characterized by substantially higher organic matter and nutrient concentrations in sediments (Aljahdali et al, 2021). It is essential to understand how the stress in mangroves in Rabigh Lagoon responds to environmental factors as global warming could strengthen evaporation and elevate water temperature in the lagoon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Factors Causing Stress in Avicennia marina Mangrove in Rabigh Lagoon Along the Red Sea: Based on a Multi-Approach Study

2021

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Lagoons along the Red Sea are socio-economically important but most vulnerable ecosystems. Strong evaporation, strengthened due to global warming, leads to high salinity and high temperature in surface water, which exacerbate physiological stress in mangroves. Rabigh Lagoon is characterized by unusually large spatial differences in nutrient dynamics and physicochemical parameters. We conducted a multi-approach study to demonstrate how environmental factors cause growth retardation and stress in mangroves. There were significant variations (P < 0.05) in water salinities and temperatures, nitrogen and phosphorus abundance in sediments, and antioxidants in mangroves among 8 sites across the lagoon. Salinity and water temperature rapidly increased from the northern where Red Sea seawater enters to the southern end, but dissolved oxygen declined. High salinity (44.9), high surface water temperature (28.8°C) and relatively high nutrients at the southern end of the lagoon (S8) corresponded to high concentrations of antioxidants. High δ13C (−12.4‰) and δ15N (4.9‰) in the sediments at S8 also reveal relatively high nutrient level due to stagnant water, camel grazing, and runoff bringing in fertilizer from agriculture activities in the catchments during seasonal flooding events. Principal component analyses showed that N and P limitation at the lagoon entrance is the leading cause for mangrove stress, while high salinity, temperature, and low dissolved oxygen are the predominant factors for high antioxidants concentrations at the southern end of the lagoon.

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A tale of two end members: Tidal deposits in a semi‐arid, low subsidence, open coastal setting versus a high runoff, high subsidence, restricted environment

Wroblewski,

Steel,

Morris

et al. 2024

The Depositional Record

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Jurassic and Palaeocene tidal deposits of the epeiric Western Interior Sea in Wyoming, USA, differ significantly due to their contrasting climates and tectonic, geographic and depositional settings. Tidally generated, cross‐bedded sandstone bodies contained by incisions are common to both settings and can potentially be uncritically attributed to marine flooding of fluvial systems. Key differences in lithology, ichnology and relationships with surrounding sediment reveal fundamentally different depositional settings, however. The Jurassic system occupied a low accommodation, semi‐arid environment, with geographically open shorelines as relative sea‐level fell, creating an unconformable contact with the underlying, storm wave‐dominated shelf and shoreface deposits. Siliciclastic, intertidal flats formed adjacent to coastal aeolian and fluvial environments during brief turnarounds from the degradational (forced regressive) to aggradational and retrogradational (transgressive) system tract. Basinward of these environments, metre to decimetre‐scale cross‐bedded, bioclastic, subtidal compound dunes and tidal inlet complexes accumulated in areas of minimal clastic flux and within incisions created by submarine tidal currents. By contrast, the Palaeocene tidal systems formed in a high accommodation, subtropical setting, as rising sea levels forced the fluvial to marine transition zone landward and flooded coastal swamps, forming geographically irregular, back‐barrier complexes and tidally influenced fluvial systems. High volumes of siliciclastics, terrigenous organic material and freshwater were delivered by the rivers and created physicochemical stress on the marine embayments. Sandy tidal flat deposits accumulated in lagoons and interdistributary bays, but unlike the Jurassic examples, they do not mark a turnaround from the falling stage to the transgressive system tract. The potential preservation window for tidalites is significantly greater vertically in the aggradational to retrogradational setting than in the degradational system due to greater accommodation. The preservation window is vertically smaller, but areally greater in the Jurassic, forced regressive system because of basinward enhancement of tidal currents driven by complex palaeobathymetry caused by tectonic activity of local pre‐Laramide uplifts.

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Monitoring Mangrove Forest Degradation and Regeneration: Landsat Time Series Analysis of Moisture and Vegetation Indices at Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Sediment Metal Contamination, Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress Response in Mangrove Avicennia marina in Central Red Sea

Sediment Metal Contamination, Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress Response in Mangrove Avicennia marina in Central Red Sea

Environmental Factors Causing Stress in Avicennia marina Mangrove in Rabigh Lagoon Along the Red Sea: Based on a Multi-Approach Study

A tale of two end members: Tidal deposits in a semi‐arid, low subsidence, open coastal setting versus a high runoff, high subsidence, restricted environment

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