Monitoring long-term shoreline changes along Yanbu, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Abstract

This study presents the shoreline position changes of Yanbu coastal zone from 1965 to 2109, using multitemporal satellite data and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) application. The shoreline change rates were calculated based on End Point Rate (EPR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR), Weighted Linear regression (WLR) and Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) statistical methods to assess the short-and long-term trends. The maximum accretion reached was 1655.9 m (30.66, 32.32 and 36.9 m/year based on EPR, LRR and WLR methods respectively) while the maximum erosion was −1484.8 m (−37.9 m/year, −32.7 m/year and −33.5 m/year based on EPR, LRR and WLR methods respectively). An area of about 20 sq. km of sea and islets has been backfilled or dug in for various facilities. Thus, major changes in the configuration of the coastline are linked to human activities. This study provides a synoptic outlook of the degree of potential threat to the coastal system and their potential consequences.

Long and Short-Term Coastal Changes Assessment Using Earth Observation Data and GIS Analysis: The Case of Sperchios River Delta

“…The EPR was computed by dividing the distance of shoreline movement by the time elapsed between two consecutive time points at each transect. The LRR was used to express the long-term rates of shoreline change [13,23,72,73]. A linear regression rate-of-change statistic can be determined by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect.…”

“…Throughout history, researchers were driven by the need to assess short-and longterm shoreline change rates, which are used to define coastal development and protection zones [22]. Long-term shoreline changes exploration has tended to estimate shoreline change rates by utilizing old aerial photographs, old maps, historical documentation, and data deriving from pioneer geographers [13,23]. Aerial photographs available are dating back to the 1920s, and existing georeferenced topographic maps that extend the shoreline changes record to the mid-to-late 1800s [24][25][26].…”

Coastline modification at worldwide

“…Nassar y otros autores han estudiado los cambios en la línea costera del norte del Sinaí, Egipto en donde se ha registrado una tasa de erosión promedio de 8,17 m/año durante un periodo de 27 años (Nassar et al, 2019). Niang en el año 2020, evaluó la costa de Yanbu en Arabia Saudita donde se determinó una tasa máxima de erosión de 2,92 m/año a 1,91 m/año (Niang, 2020).…”

Seismic Hazard and Site Suitability Evaluation Based on Multicriteria Decision Analysis

“…MCDA techniques are decision-making tools for dealing with complex choice circumstances that need taking into account technological, economic, environmental, and social variables. These technologies have been combined with geographic information systems (GIS) on several occasions, making them excellent for improving land-use planning [3], [13], [21]- [23].…”