Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using NOAA satellite imagery

Akbari, M.; Toomanian, Norair; Droogers, P.; Bastiaanssen, W.G.M.; Gieske, A.S.M.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.10.019

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This river basin is agricultural and is intensively irrigated from various surface and groundwater sources. By ignoring irrigation, therefore, we could never produce an ET value of over 1000 mm per year as reported by Akbari et al (2007). This would have created an incorrect picture of water balance in this region.…”

Section: Quantification Of Water Resources At Provincial and Regionalmentioning

confidence: 71%

Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran

Faramarzi

Abbaspour

Schulin

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

268

162

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Abstract:Knowledge of the internal renewable water resources of a country is strategic information which is needed for long-term planning of a nation's water and food security, among many other needs. New modelling tools allow this quantification with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study we used the program Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in combination with the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting program (SUFI-2) to calibrate and validate a hydrologic model of Iran based on river discharges and wheat yield, taking into consideration dam operations and irrigation practices. Uncertainty analyses were also performed to assess the model performance. The results were quite satisfactory for most of the rivers across the country. We quantified all components of the water balance including blue water flow (water yield plus deep aquifer recharge), green water flow (actual and potential evapotranspiration) and green water storage (soil moisture) at sub-basin level with monthly time-steps. The spatially aggregated water resources and simulated yield compared well with the existing data. The study period was 1990-2002 for calibration and 1980-1989 for validation. The results show that irrigation practices have a significant impact on the water balances of the provinces with irrigated agriculture. Concerning the staple food crop in the country, 55% of irrigated wheat and 57% of rain-fed wheat are produced every year in water-scarce regions. The vulnerable situation of water resources availability has serious implications for the country's food security, and the looming impact of climate change could only worsen the situation. This study provides a strong basis for further studies concerning the water and food security and the water resources management strategies in the country and a unified approach for the analysis of blue and green water in other arid and semi-arid countries.

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Section: Quantification Of Water Resources At Provincial and Regionalmentioning

confidence: 71%

Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran

Faramarzi

Abbaspour

Schulin

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

268

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The assumption of constant evaporative fraction over a day is often used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (e.g. Farah et al 2004;McCabe and Wood 2006;Akbari et al 2007;Immerzeel and Droogers 2008). For time integration over a month, season or year, the approach by Bastiaanssen et al (2002) (Eq.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Of Actual Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Availability and Consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran—Using Remote Sensing and Geo-statistics

Muthuwatta

Ahmad

Bos

et al. 2009

Water Resour Manage

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This study was conducted to assess water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using secondary data and freely available satellite data. Precipitation was estimated using geo-statistical techniques while a Surface Energy Balance approach was selected for evapotranspiration estimation. The spatial distribution of actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) for the Karkheh Basin has been estimated by use of 19 cloud free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, which cover a complete cropping year from November 2002 to October 2003. ET a estimates were compared to potential crop evapotranspiration (ET p ) estimates for two predominantly irrigated wheat areas in Upper and Lower Karkheh. Differences were found to be 12.5% and 11.7% respectively. Results of the ETa and precipitation estimates reveal that for the study period, the Karkheh Basin received 18,507 × 10 6 m 3 as precipitation while ET a is estimated at 16,680 × 10 6 m 3 . Estimated outflow from the basin for the study period only is 7.8% of the precipitation and indicates that water is a very scarce resource in the Karkheh basin. The basin has been divided in sub-basins to allow for more detailed analysis and results indicate that water balance closure at sub-basin scale ranges from 7.2% to 0.6% of the precipitation. This suggests that the water balance is sufficiently understood for policy and decision making.

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“…The indices are extremely sensitive to crop vigor and moisture stress. Among these several vegetation indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which is the ratio of difference in infrared and red bands to their sum of reflectance is widely used for estimation of irrigated areas (Akbari et al 2007). Hence in this study NDVI was used which is a function of green leaf area, biomass and reflectiveness of the crop vigor.…”

Section: Estimation Of Irrigated Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping spatial disparity of canal water distribution under irrigated cropping environment using satellite imageries

Rizvi

Latif

Ahmad

2012

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In this study, a great variation in crop yield, which affects the socio-economic and physical environment of the area, is observed along the irrigation channels in Pakistan. This is mainly due to inequitable distribution of canal water causing spatial variations along the system. Assessing the performance of irrigation system can help to find any disparity which should be rectified to achieve the desired objectives of irrigation. Due to lack of real-time data, performance of an irrigation system cannot be readily determined particularly in developing countries. Remote sensing and geographic information system are the best tools to overcome this difficulty. Normalized difference vegetation index indirectly indicates the presence of water in plants. Biomass production and evapotranspiration are crucial indicators for describing the spatial variation of irrigation water. In this study, infrared bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer sensor were used to determine surface temperatures and various components of the energy balance equation. The spatial disparity in evapotranspiration was found from head to tail of the system. Classification of evapotranspiration into different groups revealed that the area under higher evapotranspiration range is more at the head of the system than its tail, which indicates that more canal water is supplied at the head of the system. These results clearly testify the disparity of canal water distribution along the system leading to reduced income and environmental degradation of the downstream water users.

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Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using NOAA satellite imagery

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran

Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran

Assessment of Water Availability and Consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran—Using Remote Sensing and Geo-statistics

Mapping spatial disparity of canal water distribution under irrigated cropping environment using satellite imageries

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