Monitoring Ion Activities In and Around Cells Using  Ion-Selective Liquid-Membrane Microelectrodes

Lee, Seong Ki; Boron, Walter F.; Parker, Mark D.

doi:10.3390/s130100984

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Afterwards, ISMEs were silanized in N,N-dimethyltrimethylsilylamine vapor for 1 h at 300°C. Electrodes were then backfilled with 40 mmol l −1 KH 2 PO 4 , 15 mmol l −1 NaCl, 23 mmol l −1 NaOH, pH 7.0, and front-filled with an H + -selective ionophore (H + Ionophore I/Cocktail B, Sigma Aldrich) (Lee et al, 2013). The tips of the electrodes were then dipped in a PVC solution with 10 mg PVC dissolved in 3 ml tetrahydrofuran to prevent displacement of the ionophore when inserted in paraffin oil.…”

Section: Ph Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)

Ravn

Campbell

Gerber

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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When exposed to anoxia, insects rapidly go into a hypometabolic coma from which they can recover when exposed to normoxia again. However, prolonged anoxic bouts eventually lead to death in most insects, although some species are surprisingly tolerant. Anoxia challenges ATP, ion, pH and water homeostasis, but it is not clear how fast and to what degree each of these parameters is disrupted during anoxia, nor how quickly they recover. Further, it has not been investigated which disruptions are the primary source of the tissue damage that ultimately causes death. Here, we show, in the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), that prolonged anoxic exposures are associated with increased recovery time, decreased survival, rapidly disrupted ATP and pH homeostasis and a slower disruption of ion ([K + ] and [Na + ]) and water balance. Locusts could not fully recover after 4 h of anoxia at 30°C, and at this point hemolymph [K + ] was elevated 5-fold and [Na + ] was decreased 2-fold, muscle [ATP] was decreased to ≤3% of normoxic values, hemolymph pH had dropped 0.8 units from 7.3 to 6.5, and hemolymph water content was halved. These physiological changes are associated with marked tissue damage in vivo and we show that the isolated and combined effects of hyperkalemia, acidosis and anoxia can all cause muscle tissue damage in vitro to equally large degrees. When locusts were returned to normoxia after a moderate (2 h) exposure of anoxia, ATP recovered rapidly (15 min) and this was quickly followed by recovery of ion balance (30 min), while pH recovery took 2-24 h. Recovery of [K + ] and [Na + ] coincided with the animals exiting the comatose state, but recovery to an upright position took ∼90 min and was not related to any of the physiological parameters examined.

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Section: Ph Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)

Ravn

Campbell

Gerber

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…While measuring the extracellular is relatively easy, non-destructive measurements of intracellular poses major challenges. Basically, two methods are available to assess the intracellular chloride activity: (1) micro-photometric techniques, using either chemical or optogenetic Cl-sensors [13,3] and (2) potentiometric techniques with liquid membrane ion-selective micro-electrodes (ISM for short) [31,18]. Photometric techniques allow for specific, high time resolution and space-resolved determination of changes in the activity of physiologically relevant ions, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly-selective chloride microelectrode based on a mercuracarborand anion carrier

DiFranco

Quiñonez

Dziedzic³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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word count: 238 Word count: 5891 Figures: 7 Keywords: ion-selective electrode, liquid membrane microelectrode, skeletal muscle Abbreviations: 9-ACA: 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, BMT: bumetanide, ISM: ion selective microelectrode, MC3: [9]mercuracarborand-3, NPOE: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether, TDMAC: tridodecylmethyl ammonium chloride ABSTRACT The chloride gradient plays an important role in regulating cell volume, membrane potential, pH, secretion, and the reversal potential of inhibitory GABAA receptors. Measurement of intracellular chloride activity, , using liquid membrane ion-selective microelectrodes (ISM), however, has been limited by the physiochemical properties of Cl ionophores which have caused poor stability, drift, sluggish response times, and interference from other biologically relevant anions. Most importantly, intracellular HCO3may be up to 4 times more abundant than Cl -(e.g. skeletal muscle) which places severe constraints on the required selectivity of a Clsensing ISM. Previously, a sensitive and highly-selective Cl sensor was developed in a polymeric membrane electrode (Badr et al. 1999) using a trinuclear Hg(II) complex containing carborane-based ligands, [9]mercuracarborand-3, or MC3 for short. Here, we have adapted the use of the MC3 anion carrier in a liquid membrane ion-selective microelectrode and show the MC3-ISM has a linear Nernstian response over a wide range of (0.1 mM to 100 mM), is highly selective for Cl over other biological anions or inhibitors of Cl transport, and has a response time of less than 5 sec. Importantly, over the physiological range of(1 mM to 100 mM) the potentiometric response of the MC3-ISM is insensitive to HCO3or changes in pH.Finally, we demonstrate the biological application of an MC3-ISM by measuring intracellular , and the response to an external Cl-free challenge, for an isolated skeletal muscle fiber.

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“…To measure ion concentrations in very small regions or small sample volumes, ISEs made with glass capillaries have been used, particularly for physiological research. 17,18 However, special care is needed in handling these fragile structures. In addition, such ISEs are not suitable for mass production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass-producible disposable needle-type ion-selective electrodes for plant research

et al. 2019

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Monitoring Ion Activities In and Around Cells Using Ion-Selective Liquid-Membrane Microelectrodes

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)

Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)

A highly-selective chloride microelectrode based on a mercuracarborand anion carrier

Mass-producible disposable needle-type ion-selective electrodes for plant research

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