Monitoring hospital effluents through physico‐chemical characterization and genotoxic testing

Mathur, Priyanka; Rani, Kusum; Bhatnagar, Pradeep

doi:10.1002/wer.10843

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Hospital liquid effluents contain wide varieties of toxic substances that include chemicals, radioactive substances, pharmaceuticals, pathological wastes, and nano-sized metals. These effluents, in general, are discharged into municipal sewer pipelines, sometimes without treatment, resulting in the mixing of untreated or partially treated water with the municipal water supply, leading to the contamination and pollution of potable water [ 29 ]. In the present study, the presence of toxicants in the water samples and their adverse reproductive effects in a murine model were studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Morphological Defects in Sperm of Mice Exposed to Hospital Effluent

Mathur

Rani

Bhatnagar

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Hospital effluents are loaded with drugs, radioactive elements, pathogens, etc. Effluents from treatment plants at source sites may get mixed up with potable water, leading to numerous detrimental/toxic effects. In this study, efforts were made to investigate the toxic effects of one such effluent from a local hospital on the reproductive characteristics of mice when orally administered daily for 60 consecutive days. We primarily focused on the changes in the morphology of the sperm and its geometric morphometrics, i.e., sperm head length and width, area, and perimeter, measured using ImageJ software. The incidence of sperm defects was recorded, and variations in the morphometrics were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using Tukey’s post hoc test. A physico-chemical characterization of the water samples was also performed to assess the basic water quality. In summary, the study revealed the critical role of treated water in inducing different abnormalities in sperm, such as the absence of a head, bent necks, abnormal neck attachment, highly coiled tails, and missing tails. Significant differences (p < 0.01 **, p < 0.001 ***) in the morphometrics of spermatozoa with banana heads, hammer heads, missing heads, pin heads, and missing hooks were noted compared to corresponding controls. It could thus be concluded that treated hospital effluent is still inadequately clean and contains significant amounts of toxicants that might be detrimental to sperm quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Morphological Defects in Sperm of Mice Exposed to Hospital Effluent

Mathur

Rani

Bhatnagar

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Transgenerational inheritance of methylmercury and vitamin A-induced toxicological effects in a Wistar rats environmental-based model

Carazza-Kessler,

Campos,

Bittencourt

et al. 2024

Chemosphere

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Evaluation of the toxicogenetic potential of visceral leishmaniasis in naturally infected dogs and salivary samples for definitive disease diagnosis

Alvarenga,

Furtado,

Mendonça

et al. 2024

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

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Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum chagasi, transmitted through the bite of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, with dogs serving as the primary reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease in dogs and its epidemiological and public health significance, this study aimed to investigate whether salivary samples from naturally infected dogs could serve as a diagnostic tool, attempting to replace invasive conventional methods. Additionally, the study analyzed the potential toxicogenetic effects of the disease. Ten adult dogs, both males and females, intact and neutered, of mixed breed, from Rifaina (SP) and attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Franca, were included. These dogs exhibited various clinical signs suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis, with five of them confirmed through serological and parasitological examinations. Salivary samples were collected using sterile swabs from the five seropositive dogs, placed on glass slides, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for subsequent analysis of amastigote forms of the protozoan using bright-field microscopy; the results were descriptive. Furthermore, bone marrow samples from the sternum were collected from the five seropositive dogs and compared with those from the five seronegative dogs to investigate the toxicogenetic potential of the disease through the micronucleus test. To assess possible genotoxicity, each slide made from bone marrow was analyzed for 2000 immature erythrocytes (IE), totaling 4000 IE/animal, and those containing micronuclei (MN) were identified (IE-MN). Cytotoxicity was determined by analyzing 1000 erythrocytes/slide, totaling 2000 erythrocytes/dog, and subsequently calculating the ratio of IE/IE+NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes). Toxicogenetic results of seropositive dogs were compared with seronegative dogs and statistically verified by simple analysis of variance (ANOVA). The protozoan Leishmania was not detected in any of the salivary samples from seropositive dogs. The mean frequency of IE-MN in seropositive dogs was statistically higher compared to seronegative dogs (p<0.0001), indicating the genotoxicity of the disease. In two of the five seropositive dogs, a decrease in erythrocyte production suggested cytotoxicity of the disease. Given the established methodology, it can be inferred that simple saliva analysis, without more specific assays, does not detect amastigote forms of the protozoan in dogs seropositive for visceral leishmaniasis and should not replace established diagnostic methods. Additionally, the micronucleus test suggested the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the disease.

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Monitoring hospital effluents through physico‐chemical characterization and genotoxic testing

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Incidence of Morphological Defects in Sperm of Mice Exposed to Hospital Effluent

Incidence of Morphological Defects in Sperm of Mice Exposed to Hospital Effluent

Transgenerational inheritance of methylmercury and vitamin A-induced toxicological effects in a Wistar rats environmental-based model

Evaluation of the toxicogenetic potential of visceral leishmaniasis in naturally infected dogs and salivary samples for definitive disease diagnosis

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