Monitoring for Resistance to Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Varroa Mite Populations

Kanga, Lambert H. B.; Adamczyk, John J.; Marshall, Keith; Cox, Robert L.

doi:10.1603/ec10064

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Biotechnical methods are time-consuming and insuffi ciently effi cacious [74][75][76][77]. The use of 'hard' acaricides are followed by the following issues: (1) emergence of resistant mites, mainly to pyrethroids -fl uvalinate and fl umethrin [78][79][80], and (2) residues in all hive products: highest concentrations were proven in wax and propolis, lower in pollen and bee bread, and lowest in honey [49,79,[81][82][83][84]. The most often detected varroacides in beeswax, pollen and bee bread are fl uvalinate, coumaphos, amitraz and bromopropylate [84][85][86][87][88][89] and chlorfenvinphos in wax and bee bread samples from Spain [90].…”

Section: Infestation With Varroa Destructor and Mixed Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

et al. 2019

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Colony losses, including those induced by the colony collapse disorder, are an urgent problem of contemporary apiculture which has been capturing the attention of both apiculturists and the research community. CCD is characterized by the absence of adult dead bees in the hive in which few workers and a queen remain, the ratio between the brood quantity and the number of workers is heavily disturbed in favor of the former, and more than enough food is present. Robbing behavior and pests usually attacking the weakened colony do not occur. In the present paper, the causes of the emergence of this problem are discussed, as well as the measures of its prevention. The following factors, which lead to colony losses, are analyzed: shortage of high-quality food (pollen and honey); infestation with parasites, primarily with Varroa destructor, and mixed virus infections; bacterial infections (American and European foulbrood), fungal infections (nosemosis and ascosphaerosis) and trypanosomal infections (lotmariosis); and, finally, general management of the apiary. Certain preventive measures are proposed: (1) providing ample high-quality forage and clean water, (2) avoiding sugarisation, i.e. superfluous use of sugar syrup, (3) meeting the nutritional needs of the colony, (4) when feeding bees, taking care of the timing and the composition of diet, avoiding pure sugar syrup which in excessive quantities may induce energetic and oxidative stress, (5) when there is a shortage of natural feed – honey in the brood chamber – use sugar syrup with natural/artificial supplements to avoid protein starvation, (6) organized control of V. destructor in the colonies is obligatory due to its vector role, and (7) compliance with hygienic and sanitary measures and principles of good apiculture practice and management in apiaries. To conclude, all preventive measures are feasible in compliance with rules and regulations concerning regular spring and autumn bee health monitoring by licensed veterinarians, who can propose adequate treatments if necessary.

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Section: Infestation With Varroa Destructor and Mixed Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

et al. 2019

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“…Their residues accumulate inside the hive and could exhibit negative effects on bees and brood [6] and contaminate their products [7] with potential health risk to consumers [8,9]. Moreover, due to the repeated use of these substances, mite populations develop resistance to pyrethroids (fl uvalinate and fl umethrin), but also to coumaphos and, in less extent, to amitraz [10][11][12]. Increased Varroa resistance to synthetic acaricides necessitated the introduction of natural substances with acaricidal effects, such as organic acids (oxalic, formic, lactic) and essential oils (thymol, menthol, camphor, eucaliptol etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of plant-derived formulation “Argus Ras” in Varroa destructor control

et al. 2017

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Varroa destructor is the most important honey bee parasite. There are various methods used in the control of this mite, but none of them meets all requested criteria, to be safe, effective and easy to apply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the varroacidal efficacy of newly created plant-derived formulation Argus Ras (mixture of extracts of Sophora flavescens, Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia chinensis and Teucrium chamaedrys) in a field trial. The investigation was conducted on 240 Apis mellifera colonies equalized in respect of brood amount, adult bee population and food reserves. Efficiency was evaluated by applying Argus Ras consecutively with two other acaricides, amitraz and oxalic acid. Average acaricidal efficacy of Argus Ras was 80.89%, being higher of other previously tested essential oils. Besides, it showed a potential in knocking down the mites resistant to other acaricides. It should not be neglected that Argus Ras requires a smaller number of treatments and financial investments than other formulations used for the control of Varroa mites.

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“…Varroa destructor eventually developed resistance against to at least some of them (Kanga et al . ; Rosenkranz et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of oxalotrophic bacteria associated with Varroa destructor mites

Maddaloni

Pascual

2015

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Oxalic acid, legally or brevi manu, is widely used to control phoretic Varroa destructor mites, a major drive of current honey bees' colony losses. Unsubstantiated by sanctioned research are rumours that in certain instances oxalic acid is losing efficacy, forcing beekeepers to increase the frequency of treatments. This investigation fathoms the hypothesis that V. destructor associates with bacteria capable of degrading oxalic acid. The data show that indeed oxalotrophy, a rare trait among bacteria, is common in bacteria that we isolated from V. destructor mites. This finding may have ramifications in the use of oxalic acid as a control agent.

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Monitoring for Resistance to Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Varroa Mite Populations

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

Looking for the causes of and solutions to the issue of honey bee colony losses

Efficacy of plant-derived formulation “Argus Ras” in Varroa destructor control

Isolation of oxalotrophic bacteria associated with Varroa destructor mites

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