Monitoring Electrical Skin Conductance

Hullett, Bruce; Chambers, Neil; Preuss, James; Zamudio, I.; Lange, J.; Pascoe, Elaine M.; Ledowski, Thomas

doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181b27c18

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In fact, they found that the best accordance between a self-reported pain score and SCF per sec occurred in children between the ages of 4 and 8 years. Interestingly, two studies of postoperative pain in children showed that anxiety did not affect the skin conductance analysis (Choo et al, 2010; Hullett et al, 2009) and in one of the studies there was no correlation between skin conductance activity and WBFS scores (Choo et al, 2010), unlike our findings. The lack of correlation between the two procedures may be due to the low specificity of skin conductance to identify moderate pain or it could indicate that WBFS pain scores are influenced by age and health status as shown in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Our findings using skin conductance monitoring are in line with those reported by Hullet et al (Hullett et al, 2009) who monitored postoperative pain using a postoperative pain score in children. In fact, they found that the best accordance between a self-reported pain score and SCF per sec occurred in children between the ages of 4 and 8 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…3) [available at ] . This transformation is empirical and based, among other things, on pain referred by adults (Ledowski et al, 2007); similar results have been reported for children: sensivity in 5–7 years old children is 97.0% while specificity is 72.9%; sensivity in 8–16 years old subjects is 85.2% while specificity is 67.1% (Hullett et al, 2009). …”

Section: Pain Evaluation Toolssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Pain assessment in children undergoing venipuncture: the Wong–Baker faces scale versus skin conductance fluctuations

Savino

Vagliano

Ceratto

et al. 2013

PeerJ

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the subjective Wong–Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFS) and of the objective skin conductance fluctuation (SCF) test in assessing pain in children undergoing venipuncture. One-hundred and fifty children (aged 5–16 years) entered the study. All underwent venipuncture at the antecubital fossa to collect blood specimens for routine testing in the same environmental conditions. After venipuncture, the children indicated their pain intensity using the WBFS, whereas the number of SCFs was recorded before, during and after venipuncture. So, pain level was measured in each child with WBFS and SCF. We found that the level of WBFS-assessed pain was lower in all children, particularly those above 8 years of age, than SCF-assessed pain (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the number of SCFs was significantly higher during venipuncture than before or after venipuncture (p < 0.0001). At multivariate regression analysis, age and previous experience of venipuncture influenced the WBFS (β = −1.81, p < 0.001, and β = −0.86, p < 0.001, respectively) but not SCFs. In conclusion, although both procedures can be useful for research and clinical practice, our findings show that WBFS was affected by age and previous venipuncture, whereas SCF produced uniform data. If verified in other studies, our results should be taken into account when using these tools to evaluate pain in children.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Pain Evaluation Toolssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Pain assessment in children undergoing venipuncture: the Wong–Baker faces scale versus skin conductance fluctuations

Savino

Vagliano

Ceratto

et al. 2013

PeerJ

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“…The stimulation strategy used in this study is different from that used in previous studies; we used a more clinically relevant strategy in the form of electrical stimulation of Aβ fibers, which is relatively less painful and noninvasive. Indeed, changes in pulse rate were not observed before or after stimulation (Figure 3) in our study, as compared with previous studies 9,10,19,20. The cold and thermal pain sensations routinely used in pain stimulation experiments are sufficiently severe that heart rate or pulse rate changes are usually observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Skin conductance, which measures the electrical conductance of the skin and varies with skin moisture content, has been reported as another independent promising indicator of postoperative pain in children19 and subjects who cannot express their pain. A postoperative study comparing the differences between skin conductance and surgical stress index in pain assessment showed that these parameters could only assess moderate to severe pain with moderate sensitivity and specificity and that their prediction accuracies were similar 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related and sex-related changes in perfusion index in response to noxious electrical stimulation in healthy subjects

Nishimura¹,

Nakae

Shibata³

et al. 2014

JPR

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BackgroundEven though pain is a subjective phenomenon, its objective evaluation in humans is important because subjects requiring pain evaluation may be unable to describe their pain intensity because of decreased awareness or impaired cognitive function. Previous reports indicate that the perfusion index (PI), which is calculated from pulse oximeter waveforms, has some utility in assessing pain. However, age-associated and sex-associated differences in change of PI have hitherto not been evaluated for assessment of pain. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the utility of age-related differences in PI change among healthy volunteers subjected to electrical stimulation.MethodsWe measured PI and pulse rate in 70 healthy volunteers exposed to gradually increasing electrical stimulation. The subjects were classified into four groups, ie, young men, young women, aged men, and aged women. Stimulation was stopped when subjects reached their pain tolerance threshold. The average PI and pulse rate were calculated 10 seconds before and after electrical stimulation and compared across the four groups. Changes in PI and pulse rate were analyzed using the paired t-test.ResultsThe PI was significantly decreased in response to pain stimulation in young men (P<0.0001), young women (P=0.0002), and aged men (P=0.0158). However, aged women failed to show significant changes in PI before or after stimulation. The pulse rate was not significantly altered in any of the groups.ConclusionPI may be an independent parameter reflecting the perception of noxious stimuli and could be used for objective evaluation of pain perception in healthy volunteers, except when it is used for pain evaluation in elderly women.

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Skin conductance as a pain assessment tool during chest tube removal: An observational study

Hansen

Storm

Boglino-Hörlin

et al. 2017

European Journal of Pain

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Monitoring Electrical Skin Conductance

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

Pain assessment in children undergoing venipuncture: the Wong–Baker faces scale versus skin conductance fluctuations

Pain assessment in children undergoing venipuncture: the Wong–Baker faces scale versus skin conductance fluctuations

Age-related and sex-related changes in perfusion index in response to noxious electrical stimulation in healthy subjects

Skin conductance as a pain assessment tool during chest tube removal: An observational study

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