“…Synthetic non-biodegradable plastic products made up of polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), nylon, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polylactic acid in ecosystem degrade into microplastics (MPs) and even into nano-plastic pose serious threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems ( Duis and Coors, 2016 ; Hale et al., 2020 ; Hamidian et al., 2021 ; Akdemir and Gedik, 2023 ; Chen et al., 2023 ; Akdemir and Gedik, 2023 ). The impact of soil microplastics (MPs), particularly polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as ECs attracted the global attention in terms of environmental and agricultural challenges ( Walker and Fequet, 2023 ; Cha et al., 2023 ; Jimoh et al., 2023 ).…”