Monitoring cognitive changes: Psychometric properties of six cognitive tests

Bird, Chris M.; Papadopoulou, Kyriaki; Ricciardelli, Paola; Rossor, Martin N.; Cipolotti, Lisa

doi:10.1348/014466504323088051

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This practice effect has been documented in previous research using the aforementioned tests [Fitts, 1954;Wexler et al, 1998;Fastenau et al, 2001;Bird et al, 2004;Hinton-Bayre and Geffen, 2005;Miller et al, 2009;Solana et al, 2010]. These tests are associated with the prefrontal cortex [Shibuya-Tayoshi et al, 2007], precentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus [Zakzanis et al, 2005], left middle frontal gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex [Usui et al, 2009].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Corbacio

Brown

Dubois

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extremely low frequency (ELF, <300 Hz) magnetic fields (MF) have been reported to modulate cognitive performance in humans. However, little research exists with MF exposures comparable to the highest levels experienced in occupations like power line workers and industrial welders. This research aims to evaluate the impact of a 60 Hz, 3 mT MF on human cognitive performance. Ninety-nine participants completed the double-blind protocol, performing a selection of psychometric tests under two consecutive MF exposure conditions dictated by assignment to one of three groups (sham/sham, MF exposure/sham, or sham/MF exposure). Data were analyzed using a 3 × 2 mixed model analysis of variance. Performance between repetitions improved in 11 of 15 psychometric parameters (practice effect). A significant interaction effect on the digit span forward test (F = 5.21, P < 0.05) revealed an absence of practice effects for both exposure groups but not the control group. This memory test indicates MF-induced abolition of the improvement associated with practice. Overall, this study does not establish any clear MF effect on human cognition. It is speculated that an ELF MF may interfere with the neuropsychological processes responsible for this short-term learning effect supported by brain synaptic plasticity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Corbacio

Brown

Dubois

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In their research, they used the classic Kety-Schmidt technique for the quantitative measurement of whole brain blood flow and metabolism (27), before, during, and after the performance of a challenging cognitive task [the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (28)(29)(30), which exhibits a significant learning component (31)(32)(33)]. During task performance, they observed an increase in whole brain blood flow, glucose consumption, and lactate production, but no increase in oxygen consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain aerobic glycolysis and motor adaptation learning

Shannon

Vaishnavi

Vlassenko

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ten percent to 15% of glucose used by the brain is metabolized nonoxidatively despite adequate tissue oxygenation, a process termed aerobic glycolysis (AG). Because of the known role of glycolysis in biosynthesis, we tested whether learning-induced synaptic plasticity would lead to regionally appropriate, learningdependent changes in AG. Functional MRI (fMRI) before, during, and after performance of a visual-motor adaptation task demonstrated that left Brodmann area 44 (BA44) played a key role in adaptation, with learning-related changes to activity during the task and altered resting-state, functional connectivity after the task. PET scans before and after task performance indicated a sustained increase in AG in left BA 44 accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption. Intersubject variability in behavioral adaptation rate correlated strongly with changes in AG in this region, as well as functional connectivity, which is consistent with a role for AG in synaptic plasticity.T he resting brain's energy needs are supported almost entirely by the metabolism of glucose to carbon dioxide and water (1). The first step of this process, glycolysis, requires no oxygen whereas the second step, oxidative phosphorylation, does. In the normal adult human brain, 10-15% of the glucose never reaches the second step-it is shunted away from oxidative phosphorylation despite the presence of adequate oxygen (2-5). This process is commonly referred to as aerobic glycolysis (AG).Several roles for AG have been identified, including biosynthesis (for recent reviews, see refs. 6-8), the regulation of cellular redox states (9, 10), the regulation of apoptosis (11), the provision of ATP for membrane pumps (12)(13)(14), and the regulation of cell excitability (15, 16). More recently, similar functions of AG have been observed in the posttranscriptional control of T-cell effector function (17, 18), an observation now extended to the microglia (19), where it is associated with an activated state related to inflammation as well as synaptic pruning.In the developing human brain, at a time when synaptic growth rates are highest (approximately age 10), total glucose consumption is twice that of the adult, and 30% of that glucose consumption is AG (a recent summary of this early literature is contained in ref. 20), suggesting an important role in brain development. Another remarkable feature of AG in the adult human brain is that it varies regionally (21): nearly 25% of resting glucose consumption in the medial prefrontal cortex is AG whereas AG constitutes as little as 2% glucose consumption in the cerebellum and medial temporal lobes. Correlation of these regional data with regional gene expression in the adult human brain revealed increased gene expression typical of infancy (i.e., neotony) that is related to synapse formation and growth (20).Further supporting the link between AG and plasticity are findings demonstrating that lactate, released by astrocytes and taken up by neurons, is critical for memory formation. Neuronal uptake of lactate ch...

show abstract

“…However, Plumet, Gil, & Gaonac'h, (2005) found that education no longer had an effect on distractive errors after age 70, and attentional focus on sorting rules were more affected by age than education. Total number of errors on the M-WCST (Bird, Papadopoulou, Ricciardelli, Rossor, & Cipolotti, 2004), number of categories completed (Bird et al, 2004;Obonsawin et al, 1999), number and percent of perseverative errors (Obonsawin et al, 1999) have been significantly associated with IQ. Lineweaver et al (1999) found that sex is associated with non-perseverative errors, such that men make more of these errors than women, but generally there are no sex differences for the M-WCST (Caffarra, Vezzadini, Dieci, Zonato, & Venneri, 2010;Obonsawin et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST): Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population

Arango-Lasprilla

Rivera

Longoni³

et al. 2015

NRE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To generate normative data on the Modified Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the M-WCST as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models explained between 2-33% of the variance in M-WCST scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women from seven different countries on the M-WCST, the effect sizes were small. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated.

show abstract

Monitoring cognitive changes: Psychometric properties of six cognitive tests

Cited by 88 publications

References 38 publications

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Brain aerobic glycolysis and motor adaptation learning

Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST): Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About