Monitoring CO2 injection with passive and active seismic surveys: Case study from the Hellisheiði geothermal field, Iceland

Stork, A.; Poletto, Flávio; Draganov, Deyan; Janssen, Martijn T. G.; Hassing, Sverre; Meneghini, Fabio; Böhm, Gualtiero; David, Ariana; Farina, Biancamaria; Schleifer, Andrea; Durucan, Şevket; Brynjarsson, Baldur; Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala; Perry, William; Otten, Gijs van; Barnhoorn, Auke; Wolf, Karl‐Heinz; Korre, Anna; Bos, Jordan; Bellezza, Cinzia; Chalari, Athena; Obermann, Anne; Sánchez-Pasto, Pilar

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4273044

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…More details and intermediate results of the survey are presented in Stork et al. (2022) and Bellezza et al. (submitted).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging CO2$_2$ reinjection into basalts at the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir (Hellisheiði, Iceland) with body‐wave seismic interferometry

Hassing,

Draganov,

Janssen

et al. 2024

Geophysical Prospecting

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As part of the SUCCEED project, investigating CO reinjection with different seismic methods, both passive and active seismic surveys have been conducted at the geothermal power plant at Hellisheii, Iceland. During the 2021 survey, two geophone lines recorded noise for a week. We process the passive‐source data with seismic interferometry to image the subsurface structure around the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir. To improve image quality, we perform an illumination analysis to select only noise panels dominated by body‐wave energy. The results show that most noise panels are dominated by air‐wave energy arriving from the direction of the power plant. We use panels with a near‐vertical incidence to create a zero‐offset image and a larger selection of body‐wave‐dominated panels to create virtual common‐shot gathers. We process the gathers with a simple reflection seismology processing workflow to obtain stacked images. The zero‐offset images show a relatively lower signal‐to‐noise ratio and only horizontal reflectors. The stacked images show slightly dipping reflectors and possibly lateral amplitude variations around the expected injection region. This could indicate a region of interest for future research into the reinjection reservoir.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…More details and intermediate results of the survey are presented in Stork et al. (2022) and Bellezza et al. (submitted).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12) were imaged that could be associated with magma bodies in the subsurface. The same method was applied at Hverahlíð, close to Hellisheiði, to image the subsurface (Stoch, 2020). Various reflectors are visible in their Fig.…”

Section: Seismic Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging CO2$_2$ reinjection into basalts at the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir (Hellisheiði, Iceland) with body‐wave seismic interferometry

Hassing,

Draganov,

Janssen

et al. 2024

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…The cable used in Hellisheiði has a pitch angle of 30 degrees (i.e., wrapping angle of 60 degrees), 25 mm diameter and was buried at a depth of about 70 cm. Supported by the Reykjavìk Energy partners, the DAS cable was installed by Silixa and is suitable for passiveand active-source monitoring [14,39,40]. The choice of using the HWC cable for active data acquisition aims to improve the broadside sensitivity to P-waves [19], since the standard DAS cable is sensitive mainly to longitudinal strain.…”

Section: Active-source Seismic Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the geothermal power plant and the projects performed over the years can be found in the literature (e.g., [10][11][12][13]). In the framework of the SUCCEED project, active and passive seismic approaches were used as complementary tools to investigate the behaviour of the injected CO 2 in geothermal reservoirs [14], with helically wound cable (HWC) distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) as seismic sensors. For this purpose, it is important to have high-resolution images of the subsurface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, microseismic, local, regional and teleseismic events can all provide useful information about a geothermal area on various scales (e.g., [16]). In recent years, passive monitoring of geothermal fields utilising linear and HWC fibre-optic DAS, deployed at the surface, has been analysed [14]. Recently, some authors used vertically installed fibre-optic cable in a geothermal injection well to record strain rates and detect earthquakes for monitoring purposes [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Sensor Seismic Processing Approach Using Geophones and HWC DAS in the Monitoring of CO2 Storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field in Iceland

Bellezza,

Barison,

Farina

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Geothermal power production may result in significant CO2 emissions as part of the produced steam. CO2 capture, utilisation, subsurface storage (CCUS) and developments to exploit geothermal resources are focal points for future clean and renewable energy strategies. The Synergetic Utilisation of CO2 Storage Coupled with Geothermal Energy Deployment (SUCCEED) project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using produced CO2 for re-injection in the geothermal field to improve geothermal performance, while also storing the CO2 as an action for climate change mitigation. Our study has the aim to develop innovative reservoir-monitoring technologies via active-source seismic data acquisition using a novel electric seismic vibrator source and permanently installed helically wound cable (HWC) fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system. Implemented together with auxiliary multi-component (3C and 2C) geophone receiver arrays, this approach gave us the opportunity to compare and cross-validate the results using wavefields from different acquisition systems. We present the results of the baseline survey of a time-lapse monitoring project at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in Iceland. We perform tomographic inversion and multichannel seismic processing to investigate both the shallower and the deeper basaltic rocks targets. The wavefield analysis is supported by seismic modelling. The HWC DAS and the geophone-stacked sections show good consistency, highlighting the same reflection zones. The comparison of the new DAS technology with the well-known standard geophone acquisition proves the effectiveness and reliability of using broadside sensitivity HWC DAS in surface monitoring applications.

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Monitoring CO2 injection with passive and active seismic surveys: Case study from the Hellisheiði geothermal field, Iceland

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Imaging CO2$_2$ reinjection into basalts at the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir (Hellisheiði, Iceland) with body‐wave seismic interferometry

Imaging CO2$_2$ reinjection into basalts at the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir (Hellisheiði, Iceland) with body‐wave seismic interferometry

Multi-Sensor Seismic Processing Approach Using Geophones and HWC DAS in the Monitoring of CO2 Storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field in Iceland

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