Monitoring Chilecomadia valdiviana (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Using Sex Pheromone-Baited Traps in Apple Orchards in Chile

Abstract

Chilecomadia valdiviana (Philippi) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a native xylophagous pest in apple orchards in Chile. A series of experiments evaluated the efficacy of trap type, sex pheromone (Z7,Z10-16:Ald) dose, and trap location in the apple tree canopy on trap catch of male adults. Bucket traps (6 L), with and without roof and cross vane spacers, together with bucket traps (20 L) without roof and spacers, showed higher catches among the four types of traps evaluated. In a second experiment, the UNI-trap and Delta trap showed higher catches than Multipher, wing, and bucket traps (6 L). Male catches were not affected by height when tested at 0, 1.5, and 3 m in the canopy. A 300 µg dose of Z7,Z10-16:Ald showed higher catch than the control treatment. This dose allowed monitoring of male flight of C. valdiviana for at least five weeks in apple orchards in Chile. Based on relative trap costs, we propose the use of 6 L bucket traps for male mass trapping, while Delta traps can be used for monitoring of male flight. We found that male flight of C. valdiviana occurred mainly from mid-August to late November, reaching its maximum in mid-September.

Characteristics of teak trees and stands driving infestations by Xyleutes ceramica (Walker, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in plantations in Thailand

“…More importantly, concerning effective pest monitoring, pheromone trapping has been widely used for monitoring and timing insecticide applications for large areas of plantations and orchards. This approach is typically considered the most successful at minimizing damage from many cossid pest species (e.g., Barros‐Parada et al., 2021; Crous et al., 2020; Hegazi et al., 2009). Therefore, further studies on sex pheromone identification and synthesis and optimal mass trapping of this species are recommended to support monitoring incorporating knowledge on the bionomy and ecological requirements of the species for cost‐effective pest management.…”

A larval aggregation pheromone as foraging cue for insectivorous birds

“…Z553905) with 100 µl of a solution containing 1 mg of pure larval extract in hexane (treatment) or with 100 µl of hexane only (control). Based on Saavedra & Amo [27], who used commercially available pheromone dispensers, we used a dose of 1 mg of the larval extract per lure, which is in the range of most commercial pheromone lures used in monitoring for other lepidopterans [36,41].…”

“…However, eventually it is possible to observe larvae at the base of trunks and on branches. The larvae of this species feed on the wood of native and cultivated species of trees and bushes [34,35], with an important impact on fruits and wood production [36]. Larvae vary in colour from pink to dark-orange and grow up to 50 mm in length.…”

Insights Into Chemosensory Proteins From Non-Model Insects: Advances and Perspectives in the Context of Pest Management

“…An example is the use of pheromones, which have proven to be a successful method (i.e., mating disruption) for several pest species, mainly in Lepidoptera ( Conchou et al, 2019 ), by releasing high concentrations of pheromones in crop fields ( Reddy and Guerrero, 2010 ; Benelli et al, 2019 ). Recently, sex pheromone-baited traps (( Z , Z )-7,10-hexadecadienal) were designed for monitoring the apple orchard pest Chilecomadia valdiviana , certainly a non-model insect ( Barros-Parada et al, 2021 ). The mating disruption technique has also been used against the olive moth Prays oleae to suppress damage in olives ( Ortiz et al, 2021 ).…”