Monitoring Biofilm Thickness Using A Non-Destructive, On-Line, Electrical Capacitance Technique

Maurício, Rita; Dias, C.J.; Santana, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s10661-005-9045-0

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In brief, a nonexhaustive list of techniques that deal only with online monitoring increase (whether of biotic or abiotic origin) and the decrease of biofilms includes quartz crystal microbalances (48), large area photometry (3,33), electrical capacitance (31), fiber optical devices (49), differential turbidity measurement devices (20), microfluidic biochips (39), optical coherence tomography (13), pressure drop or friction resistance (24), and heat transfer resistance (28). Techniques that provide information about the physical structure and chemical properties of biofilms are nuclear magnetic resonance (44), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (7), and photoacoustic spectroscopy (43).…”

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confidence: 99%

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Kroukamp

Wolfaardt

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Biofilms are important in aquatic nutrient cycling and microbial proliferation. In these structures, nutrients like carbon are channeled into the production of extracellular polymeric substances or cell division; both are vital for microbial survival and propagation. The aim of this study was to assess carbon channeling into cellular or noncellular fractions in biofilms. Growing in tubular reactors, biofilms of our model strain Pseudomonas sp. strain CT07 produced cells to the planktonic phase from the early stages of biofilm development, reaching pseudo steady state with a consistent yield of ϳ10 7 cells ⅐ cm ؊2 ⅐ h ؊1 within 72 h. Total direct counts and image analysis showed that most of the converted carbon occurred in the noncellular fraction, with the released and sessile cells accounting for <10% and <2% of inflowing carbon, respectively. A CO 2 evolution measurement system (CEMS) that monitored CO 2 in the gas phase was developed to perform a complete carbon balance across the biofilm. The measurement system was able to determine whole-biofilm CO 2 production rates in real time and showed that gaseous CO 2 production accounted for 25% of inflowing carbon. In addition, the CEMS made it possible to measure biofilm response to changing environmental conditions; changes in temperature or inflowing carbon concentration were followed by a rapid response in biofilm metabolism and the establishment of new steady-state conditions.

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confidence: 99%

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Kroukamp

Wolfaardt

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…An electrical capacitance technique was evaluated to conduct indirect, non-invasive, on-line measurement of biofilm thickness. There was an inverse relationship between electrical capacitance and biofilm thickness (Mauricio et al, 2006). Others.…”

Section: Time Of Flight-secondary Ion Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Fixed Film Systems

Sharma¹,

McSwain²,

Zhang³

et al. 2007

Water Environment Research

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“…Traditional methods to study biofilm growth suffered from some drawbacks. A few methods only measured total biomass increase (including EPS) with no way to distinguish between living and dead organic matter like quartz crystal microbalances (Tam et al, 2007), large area photometry (Bester et al, 2005;Milferstedt et al, 2006), electrical capacitance (Maurício et al, 2006), fiber optical devices (Tamachkiarow and Flemming, 2003), differential turbidity measurement devices (Klahre and Flemming, 2000), microfluidic biochips (Richter et al, 2007), optical coherence tomography (Haisch and Niessner, 2007), pressure drop or friction resistance (Lee et al, 1998), heat transfer resistance (Ludensky, 1998), nuclear magnetic resonance (Seymour et al, 2004), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Delille et al, 2007), and photoacoustic spectroscopy (Schmid et al, 2004). Furthermore, some techniques are destructive for instance the physical removal of biofilm from coupons or fluorescent dyes used for microscopy that kill the cells.…”

Section: Outline Of Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Measured In The Gas Phase As An Indicator Of Biofilm Metabolism

Kroukamp¹

2022

Preprint

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The behaviour of microorganisms in biofilms is uniquely dependent on their location within the biofilm-matrix and the dynamic interplay between the countless microenvironments that is in constant flux because of physiochemical and inter-cell exchanges. To study microorganisms in the biofilm environment, the above mentioned heterogeneity forces any researcher to either focus on micro-niches (whose data may or may not be suitable for extrapolation to infer information about the whole) or stand back and study a global biofilm parameter (as a sum-total of micro-behaviours but losing information about the diversity). Either way, the positional dependence of behaviour arguably favours in situ studies with the least amount of disruption whether physical or the addition of chemicals. A simple technology was developed to measure in situ biofilm CO₂ production as an indication of overall metabolism, in real-time and non-destructively. The first system developed was a carbon dioxide evolution measurement system (CEMS) with biofilms growing on the inside of a CO₂ and O₂permeable silicone tube with quantification of microbially produced CO₂transferred across the tube wall could. The concept of measuring biofilm CO₂was subsequently expanded to accommodate any biofilm reactor by measuring CO₂in the reactor effluent. By monitoring CO₂the advantage is that aerobic and anaerobic metabolism can be tracked with an combination of microbial community members with varying growth conditions such as temperature and nutrient composition. It furthermore allows the setup of carbon balance over a reactor system to address fundamental biofilm aspects such as percentages of inflowing nutrients used for respiration or quantification of "missing" carbon fractions. The ability to measure metabolism in real-time provides insight into both steady state and transient biofilm responses to changes in their environment while the non-destructive nature of the technique gives the opportunity to determine the possibility of adaptive behaviour in the same biofilm after repeated exposure. Practical applicability of these measurement systems has been demonstrated in a wide range of biofilm related phenomena such as the areas of biofilm architecture, biofilm development and biofilm resilience after physical and antimicrobial attacks.

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Monitoring Biofilm Thickness Using A Non-Destructive, On-Line, Electrical Capacitance Technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Biological Fixed Film Systems

CO₂ Measured In The Gas Phase As An Indicator Of Biofilm Metabolism

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Monitoring Biofilm Thickness Using A Non-Destructive, On-Line, Electrical Capacitance Technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

CO 2 Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO 2 Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Biological Fixed Film Systems

CO₂ Measured In The Gas Phase As An Indicator Of Biofilm Metabolism

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Product

Resources

About

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism