Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency

Wang, Liping; Greenberg, Steve; Fiegel, John; Rubalcava, Alma; Earni, Shankar; Pang, Xiufeng; Yin, Rongxin; Woodworth, Spencer; Hernandez-Maldonado, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.005

Cited by 98 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It can also support commissioning efforts by providing estimates for potential energy/cost savings that could be achieved by fixing the faults during retro-commissioning. Quantified information on the impacts and priorities of various coexisting operational faults can be provided to the commissioners or the building management system, resulting in more reasonable and reliable commissioning decisions, especially when budget and staff resources are limited [13]. Moreover, modeling operational faults is critical to achieving more reliable energy model calibrations when most energy models for existing buildings assume ideal conditions without any operational problems.…”

Section: Figure 1 Potential Hvac Operational Faults In a Typical Vav mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling and simulation allows for an estimation of the severity of common faults and, thus, supports decision making about timely fault corrections-which can then enable efficient system operation, improve indoor thermal comfort, reduce equipment downtime, and prolong equipment service life [11][12][13]. It can also support commissioning efforts by providing estimates for potential energy/cost savings that could be achieved by fixing the faults during retro-commissioning.…”

Section: Figure 1 Potential Hvac Operational Faults In a Typical Vav mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of HVAC operational faults in building performance simulation

2017

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Operational faults are common in the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of existing buildings, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency and occupant comfort. Various fault detection and diagnostic methods have been developed to identify and analyze HVAC operational faults at the component or subsystem level. However, current methods lack a holistic approach to predicting the overall impacts of faults at the building level-an approach that adequately addresses the coupling between various operational components, the synchronized effect between simultaneous faults, and the dynamic nature of fault severity. This study introduces the novel development of a fault-modeling feature in EnergyPlus which fills in the knowledge gap left by previous studies. This paper presents the design and implementation of the new feature in EnergyPlus and discusses in detail the fault-modeling challenges faced. The new fault-modeling feature enables EnergyPlus to quantify the impacts of faults on building energy use and occupant comfort, thus supporting the decision making of timely fault corrections. Including actual building operational faults in energy models also improves the accuracy of the baseline model, which is critical in the measurement and verification of retrofit or commissioning projects. As an example, EnergyPlus version 8.6 was used to investigate the impacts of a number of typical operational faults in an office building across several U.S. climate zones. The results demonstrate that the faults have significant impacts on building energy performance as well as on occupant thermal comfort. Finally, the paper introduces future development plans for EnergyPlus fault-modeling capability.

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Section: Figure 1 Potential Hvac Operational Faults In a Typical Vav mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Potential Hvac Operational Faults In a Typical Vav mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of HVAC operational faults in building performance simulation

2017

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“…Others demonstrate savings based on a commissioning process of between 7-12% [3] and [4], referes to a number of other published work on energy savings due to commissioning. More support are to be found in [5] and [6] which propose energy savings in less quantified terms.…”

Section: Page 3 Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cardullo [2] technology was introducing as a transponder with memory, hence being able to relate the identification with extra meta-data/information read by external readers. Michael [3] presents a history of automatic identification technologies, from bar codes, to magnetic-stripe cards, smart cards, biometrics and RFID tags, with a very large literature survey on the topic. A reasonable set of applications throughout history are stated by Russos and Vassilis [4].…”

Section: Page 5 Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless technologies for the construction sector—Requirements, energy and cost efficiencies

Heller

Orthmann

2014

Energy and Buildings

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-The construction sector has been rather reluctant with respect to the implementation of ITC innovations that other industries have adopted for years. One of the reasons could be the lack of services by the proposed innovations especially the RFID solutions. This technology is well-researched within the building sector and is therefore used to analyse requirements for alternative technologies. The motivation of the current work is to find upcoming technologies that bring improvements into the sector, for example improved life cycle costs and energy efficiencies, increasing quality, construction and operation efficiency and reducing faults and losses.The paper also lays out requirements expected by the sector. It will be shown that the wireless sensor network technology is a strong competitor that may meet the requirements. By analysing the application of such technologies throughout the building lifecycle, the utilization can be manifold, hereby minimising overall economic costs and maximising the added values for all involved stakeholders.Based on the expectations of the sector, the experiences with the introduction of the RFID technology and by estimating the applicability of the extra services that follow the wireless sensor network, the paper will line up the requirements that the new technology has to meet to be introduced successfully.

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“…Besides, due to the lack of comprehensive and detailed monitored data, the previous studies and projects mainly focus on some aspects of the building energy performance, or portion of the building systems. For example, only energy use patterns or system operating efficiency is analyzed, only lighting system or heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is considered [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data and analytics to inform energy retrofit of high performance buildings

Hong

Yang

Hill³

et al. 2014

Applied Energy

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Buildings consume more than one-third of the world's primary energy. Reducing energy use in buildings with energy efficient technologies is feasible and also driven by energy policies such as energy benchmarking, disclosure, rating, and labeling in both the developed and developing countries. Current energy retrofits focus on the existing building stocks, especially older buildings, but the growing number of new high performance buildings built around the world raises a question that how these buildings perform and whether there are retrofit opportunities to further reduce their energy use. This is a new and unique problem for the building industry.Traditional energy audit or analysis methods are inadequate to look deep into the energy use of the high performance buildings. This study aims to tackle this problem with a new holistic approach powered by building performance data and analytics. First, three types of measured data are introduced, including the time series energy use, building systems operating conditions, and indoor and outdoor environmental parameters. An energy data model based on the ISO Standard 12655 is used to represent the energy use in buildings in a three-level hierarchy. Secondly, a suite of analytics were proposed to analyze energy use and to identify retrofit measures for high performance buildings. The data-driven analytics are based on monitored data at short time intervals, and cover three levels of analysis -energy profiling, benchmarking and diagnostics. Thirdly, the analytics were applied to a high performance building in California to analyze its energy use and identify retrofit opportunities, including: (1) analyzing patterns of major energy end-use categories at various time scales, (2) benchmarking the whole building total energy use as well as major end-uses against its peers, (3) benchmarking the power usage effectiveness for the data center, which is the largest electricity consumer in this building, and (4) diagnosing HVAC equipment using detailed time-series operating data. Finally, a few energy efficiency measures were identified for retrofit, and their energy savings were estimated to be 20% of the whole-building electricity consumption. Based on the analyses, the building manager took a few steps to improve the operation of fans, chillers, and data centers, which will lead to actual energy savings. This study demonstrated that there are energy retrofit opportunities for high performance buildings and detailed measured building performance data and analytics can help identify and estimate energy savings and to inform the decision making during the retrofit process. Challenges of data collection and analytics were also discussed to shape best practice of retrofitting high performance buildings.

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Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency

Cited by 98 publications

References 11 publications

Modeling of HVAC operational faults in building performance simulation

Modeling of HVAC operational faults in building performance simulation

Wireless technologies for the construction sector—Requirements, energy and cost efficiencies

Data and analytics to inform energy retrofit of high performance buildings

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