Monitoring Architecture for a 76-81GHz Radar Front End

Subburaj, Karthik; Ginsburg, Brian; Gupta, Pankaj; Dandu, Krishnanshu; Samala, Sreekiran; Breen, Dan; Ramasubramanian, Karthik; Davis, Tim; Parkar, Zahir; Shetty, Dheeraj; Chatterjee, Rohit; Ahmad, Zeshan; Navak, Neeraj; Moallem, Meysam; Seok, Eunyoung; Bhatia, Karan; Narayanamoorthy, Shankar Ram; Easwaran, Anjan Prasad; Altus, Tom; Murali, Sriram; Giannini, Vito; Prathapan, Indu; Bharadwaj, Sachin; Bhatara, S.; Srinivasan, Venkatesh; Gunaranjan, Sai; Rangachari, Sundarraian

doi:10.1109/rfic.2018.8429026

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The loopback path and attenuator are integrated into the front-end antenna duplexer which is described in detail in [46]. Another loopback architecture, targeted at automotive radar, is presented in [47]. It implements two loopback paths: one before, the other after the PA.…”

Section: A Loopbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Built-In Self-Test of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Front-End Circuits: How Far Have We Come?

Wenger,

Meinerzhagen,

Issakov

2024

IEEE Access

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With automotive radar and 5G/6G communications, mass-market applications for millimeterwave circuits in silicon technologies have been identified or established in recent years. For high-volume, millimeter-wave integrated circuits, operating roughly between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, testability is a major concern, both from an overall cost as well as a quality assurance perspective. A solution for cost effective, low-overhead test of millimeter-wave integrated circuits is the integration of built-in self-test (BIST) features into the high-frequency front-end. Because BIST is an emerging topic in high-frequency circuit design, the field is still very fragmented. A plethora of different system concepts as well as building blocks have been proposed in recent years. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in millimeter-wave BIST in an attempt to drive the field towards identification of standardized self-test solutions.INDEX TERMS Built-in self-test, CMOS, millimeter-wave transceivers, SiGe, silicon.

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Section: A Loopbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been implemented up to very high frequencies, e.g. [1], [47], [67]- [70]. Usually, the coupler has to be co-designed with the PA to ensure that the optimum output impedance of the amplifier is not impacted.…”

Section: Directional Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Built-In Self-Test of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Front-End Circuits: How Far Have We Come?

Wenger,

Meinerzhagen,

Issakov

2024

IEEE Access

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“…The first example, Fig. 1(a), is a configuration often found at transmitter outputs to measure the output power of the power amplifier (PA), e.g., [25], [26], [27], [28]. A directional coupler is placed between the output of the PA and the antenna.…”

Section: B Power Levels In Typical Test Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential-Mode Power Detection for Built-In Self-Test of SiGe Automotive Radar Transceiver Front Ends

Wenger,

Ng,

Korndörfer

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Recently, the feasibility of differential-mode power detection for built-in self-test (BIST) in millimeter-wave SiGe transceiver front ends has been demonstrated. In this work, a system analysis of typical BIST scenarios is performed. Specifications for the input power levels as well as the accuracy of power detectors are derived from this analysis. A need for at least two different differential detector architectures is identified. Two detectors are derived from the differential power measurement concept, analyzed, and implemented in the 76-81-GHz automotive radar frequency band. They feature a low power consumption of 500 µW and, to the authors' best knowledge, the lowest published circuit areas of approximately 0.005 mm 2 while still being input matched to the differential 100 system impedance. Both these characteristics are essential to keep the overhead of the BIST minimal. With dynamic ranges of 30 dB and up to 46 dB for the two different architectures, the differential power detector concept can achieve sufficient performance for BIST applications. The robustness against process and temperature effects as well as noise is analyzed and reported for both detectors.

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“…In the past, automotive radars are generally realized using GaAs and SiGe processes due to its higher f T and f MAX and also lower 1=f noise. However, with the widespread deployment of radars, the CMOS technology has become an charming choice in order to reduce cost and improve integration level [2,3]. The CMOS FMCW radars have been widely studied [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 76–81 GHz CMOS mmW quadrature down-conversion mixer for automotive radar applications

Rao

Shi

Zhang

2020

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper presents a mmW quadrature down-conversion mixer for 76-81 GHz automotive radar applications. A transformer-based g m-boosting method and a new cascode inter-stage network are proposed to improve the gain of preamplifier. A pair of cross-coupled transistors are exploited to bleed dynamic current into mixer core to reduce noise figure while utilizing its negative resistance to improve conversion gain. The mixer is implemented in a 55-nm CMOS process and the measurement results show that the BW −3dB is 5.5 GHz, the peak gain is 4.1 dB with <0.16 dB I/Q mismatch, the input P1dB is up to −6 dBm and the minimum noise figure (NF min) is 19 dB while dissipating 40 mW of power. The achieved FOM is up to 0.02.

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Monitoring Architecture for a 76-81GHz Radar Front End

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Built-In Self-Test of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Front-End Circuits: How Far Have We Come?

Built-In Self-Test of Millimeter-Wave Integrated Front-End Circuits: How Far Have We Come?

Differential-Mode Power Detection for Built-In Self-Test of SiGe Automotive Radar Transceiver Front Ends

A 76–81 GHz CMOS mmW quadrature down-conversion mixer for automotive radar applications

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