Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in India via sentinel sites: outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure, 2009–2010

Surveillance of Artemisinin Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in India Using the kelch13 Molecular Marker

“…S2 in the supplemental material) (16,17). Pfk-13 was PCR amplified successfully from all responders, but five samples from nonresponders could not be amplified.…”

“…A total of 389 P. falciparum samples were collected from patients enrolled in prospective ACT (ASϩSP) therapeutic efficacy studies conducted between 2009 and 2013 as part of the nationwide sentinel site antimalarial drug therapeutic assessment system (16,17). Directly observed treatments with quality-assured drugs from standard Indian manufacturers were given to the enrolled patients.…”

“…The blood samples used for the study were from 15 sentinel sites spread across different periods and geographic regions. Open-label, single-arm prospective studies were conducted (16) as per WHO protocol and patients were followed up to day 28 during 2011 and 2013 and up to day 42 during 2012. The studies included five districts from the northeastern region (Gomati in Tripura, Lunglei in Mizoram, West Garo Hill in Meghalaya, Karbi Anglong in Assam, and Changlang in Arunachal Pradesh); two from West Bengal (Jalpaiguri and Kolkata); and one each in Odisha (Sundergarh), Jharkhand (Simdega), Chhattisgarh (Kanker), Maharashtra (Gadchiroli), Rajasthan (Paratapgarh), Madhya Pradesh (Betul), Gujarat (Surat), and Andhra Pradesh (Vishakhapatnam) (Fig.…”

“…If artemisinin resistance does spread to or emerge in India, the public health consequences will be immense. India is also experiencing declining efficacy of its currently recommended first-line ACT (artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine [ASϩSP]) in the northeastern states of the country (16,17). In the present study, point mutations in Pfk-13 were studied in P. falciparum isolates collected from patients enrolled in ACT efficacy studies from different sites in India.…”

Diez años de eficacia terapéutica de la cloroquina en malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax, Turbo, Antioquia, años 2002 y 2011

“…El surgimiento de la falla terapéutica a la cloroquina para tratar la malaria por P. vivax, data de 1989 en Papúa, Nueva Guinea, momento en el cual se empezó a evaluar su eficacia a nivel mundial (13). Países del sur y sureste de Asia y África, como Malasia (14), Myanmar (15), Tailandia (16), India (17,18), Irán (19), Indonesia (20)(21)(22)(23) La malaria, o paludismo, por Plasmodium vivax constituye un problema grave de salud pública a nivel mundial, debido a la elevada morbilidad asociada. Se presenta como una enfermedad con sintomatología aguda, con complicaciones graves y muy incapacitantes, que puede llevar a la muerte; además, aporta una importante cifra en pérdidas económicas y sociales en las regiones donde es endémica (1).…”