Monitoring anonymous HIV testing in Estonia from 2005 to 2015

Kallavus, Kadi; Tomera, Iveta; HiE, OptTEST by

doi:10.1111/hiv.12587

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We also have no data on testing of these patients in prisons as well as anonymous testing sites. A relatively large proportion of new HIV cases diagnosed in the past decade have been found in both these settings [11,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Missed opportunities for HIV testing in people diagnosed with HIV, Estonia, 2014 to 2015

2019

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Background Studies of missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV have shown that patients with undiagnosed HIV often present to healthcare settings numerous times before eventually receiving their diagnosis. Aim The aim of the study was to assess missed opportunities for HIV testing among people newly diagnosed with HIV. Methods In this observational retrospective study, we collected data from the Estonian Health Board on new HIV cases in people aged 16–49 years diagnosed in 2014–15 and from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund database for treatment invoices on their contacts with healthcare services in the 2 years preceding diagnosis. Diagnoses on treatment invoices were categorised as HIV indicator conditions using ICD-10 codes. Results Of 538 newly diagnosed HIV cases (62.5%; 336 men), 82% had visited healthcare services at least once during the 2 years before HIV diagnosis; the mean number of visits was 9.1. Of these, 16% had been tested for HIV and 31% had at least one ICD-10 code for an HIV indicator condition on at least one of their treatment invoices. In 390 cases of HIV indicator conditions, only 5% were tested for HIV. Of all new HIV cases aged 20–49 years from high-incidence regions (defined as priority groups in national testing guidance), 18% had been tested. Conclusions The HIV testing rate in the 2 years before an HIV diagnosis was very low, even in the presence of an HIV indicator condition. This emphasises the importance of implementing the Estonian HIV testing guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the period studied, HIV testing was free of charge only for people with national health insurance. People with no insurance could test free of charge at anonymous testing sites, which are usually affiliated to local hospitals [15]. Testing is available at drug-treatment and harm-reduction sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed opportunities for HIV testing in people diagnosed with HIV, Estonia, 2014 to 2015

2019

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HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: A Comparative Review of Efficacy and Safety

Scarsi

Havens

Podany

et al. 2020

Drugs

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The newest class of antiretrovirals for all persons living with HIV are the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Since 2007, five INSTIs have been introduced: raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir, and cabotegravir. The INSTIs have favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which contribute to both their effectiveness and ease of use. With the exception of cabotegravir, each INSTI is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treatment-naïve individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy. All of the INSTIs, except raltegravir, are approved for antiretroviral treatment simplification for virologically suppressed patients without INSTI resistance. Data also support the use of dolutegravir and raltegravir in individuals with antiretroviral resistance as part of an optimized antiretroviral regimen. INSTIs are generally well tolerated by people living with HIV compared with older classes of antiretrovirals, but emerging data suggest that some INSTIs contribute to weight gain. Due to their efficacy, safety, and ease of use, HIV treatment guidelines recommend oral INSTIs as preferred components of antiretroviral therapy for individuals initiating therapy. The newest INSTI, cabotegravir, represents an alternative to oral administration of life-long antiretroviral therapy with the availability of a long acting injectable formulation. This review summarizes the current use of INSTIs in adults living with HIV, highlighting the similarities and differences within the class related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, dosing and administration that contribute to their role in modern antiretroviral therapy.

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Voluntary counselling and testing points (VCTs) in Poland as a complementary and accessible alternative to public healthcare facilities: A comparative analysis of epidemiological data from the VCTs and the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute (2015–2022)

Szczepański,

Klesiewicz,

Ankiersztejn‐Bartczak

et al. 2024

HIV Medicine

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ObjectiveVoluntary counselling and testing points (VCTs) offer anonymous and free HIV tests in Poland. They also play an essential role in educational initiatives focused on the prevention and diagnosis of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. However, no comprehensive data is available that summarizes the results of the work carried out by these VCTs. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a comparative analysis of epidemiological data obtained from VCTs and data reported by the epidemiological surveillance undertaken by the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute (NIPH NIH–NRI) covering the period from 2015 to 2022.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 258 071 people attending VCTs in Poland in 2015–2022.ResultsOn average, 32 259 individuals underwent testing each year, with a notable increase in the number of people being tested in November. The average positivity rate was 1.39% (3576/258 071). The Masovian voivodeship conducted the most tests and had the highest number of positive results. The comparative analysis of the frequency of detecting positive results in VCTs and those reported in NIPH NIH–NRI data revealed that, on average, 31.49% (3576/11 356) of positive results in Poland between 2015 and 2022 were identified through tests conducted at VCTs.ConclusionThe positive results identified in VCTs constituted approximately one‐third of all results reported by the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, highlighting the importance of VCTs. Moreover, the high availability of testing in the Masovian voivodeship resulted in better detection of HIV. The educational actions performed during European Testing Week increased the number of tests performed in November.

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Monitoring anonymous HIV testing in Estonia from 2005 to 2015

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Missed opportunities for HIV testing in people diagnosed with HIV, Estonia, 2014 to 2015

Missed opportunities for HIV testing in people diagnosed with HIV, Estonia, 2014 to 2015

HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: A Comparative Review of Efficacy and Safety

Voluntary counselling and testing points (VCTs) in Poland as a complementary and accessible alternative to public healthcare facilities: A comparative analysis of epidemiological data from the VCTs and the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute (2015–2022)

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