Monitoring Anesthesia

Alfaxalone and medetomidine intravenous infusion to maintain anaesthesia in colts undergoing field castration

“…Pulse rate was well maintained despite decreasing significantly from baseline values for the first 15 min of anaesthesia. The baseline values were, however, above the normal values quoted for resting horses [27] and were probably a result of increased sympathetic tone attributable to the nervous nature of some of the unhandled colts. In all colts MAP was adequately maintained (above 70 mmHg) without the use of sympathomimetic drugs.…”

Plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone in neonatal foals after an intravenous bolus of alfaxalone following premedication with butorphanol tartrate

“…1995). Although f R s decreased, following induction of anaesthesia, they remained within the range of values for anaesthetised foals (Hubbell & Muir 2009) and apnoea was not reported. Values for arterial PaO 2 , partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) and pH in standing healthy foals receiving similar supplemental oxygen flows (approximately 100 mL kg −1 minute −1 ) via a unilateral nasopharyngeal catheter have been reported as 23.4 ± 1.9 kPa (175 ± 15 mmHg), 6.7 ± 0.3 kPa (51 ± 2 mmHg) and 7.42 ± 0.01 respectively (Wong et al.…”

Equivalence between invasive and oscillometric blood pressures at different anatomic locations in healthy normotensive anaesthetised horses

“…Therefore, extrapolating the optimal cuff width for the tail to be used on another appendage, or from one species group to another, may not be appropriate. Although the limbs have been recommended as a possible site for oscillometric blood pressure measurement in horses , this has only been recently evaluated in mature horses and no studies have critically examined optimal cuff size for the different locations. For example, Hatz et al .…”

“…Therefore, extrapolating the optimal cuff width for the tail to be used on another appendage, or from one species group to another, may not be appropriate. Although the limbs have been recommended as a possible site for oscillometric blood pressure measurement in horses [6], this has only been recently evaluated in mature horses [19] and no studies have critically examined optimal cuff size for the different locations. For example, Hatz et al [19] compared oscillometric blood pressure at the metacarpus (MC), metatarsus (MT) and tail with invasive blood pressure (IBP) in anaesthetised horses but only used a single cuff width to limb circumference ratio of 0.5, and concluded that the noninvasive measurements were not an appropriate alternative to invasive measurements.…”