Monitoring and Risk Analysis of PAHs in the Environment

Hussain, Karishma; Hoque, Raza Rafiqul; Balachandran, S.; Medhi, Subhash; Idris, Mohammad Ghaznavi; Rahman, Mirzanur; Hussain, Farhaz Liaquat

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_29-1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Relative humidity has a strong negative correlation with four-ring PAHs (r = −0.545). This is consistent with a previous study [ 55 , 56 , 64 ] that suggested that an increase in atmospheric humidity can enhance the binding of gaseous PAHs onto particles in the ambient air (such as PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), but a strong positive correlation with two-ring PAHs (r = 0.503) and three-ring PAHs (r = 0.622) was observed, implying that high humidity can increase the lifetime and the quantity mobilized by long-range transport from the emission source due to a reduction in photolytic loss [ 4 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, at low concentrations, they are responsive to humans and might combine synergistically with other air pollutants to cause serious health problems. As a result, several of them have been listed on the lists of national and international health agencies [ 4 ]. Although PAHs are commonly produced by biogenesis (e.g., volcanic eruptions, plant synthesis, vegetative decay, and rare minerals), most of them are produced by human activities (e.g., incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or carbon-containing organic compounds, industrial processes, and biomass burning) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Tala,

Kraisitnitikul,

Chantara

2023

Toxics

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Gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in northern Thailand. No previous studies have provided data on gaseous PAHs until now, so this study determined the gaseous PAHs during two sampling periods for comparison, and then they were used to assess the correlation with meteorological conditions, other pollutants, and their sources. The total concentrations of 8-PAHs (i.e., NAP, ACY, ACE, FLU, PHE, ANT, FLA, and PYR) were 125 ± 22 ng m−3 and 111 ± 21 ng m−3, with NAP being the most pronounced at 67 ± 18 ng m−3 and 56 ± 17 ng m−3, for morning and afternoon, respectively. High temperatures increase the concentrations of four-ring PAHs, whereas humidity and pressure increase the concentrations of two- and three-ring PAHs. Moreover, gaseous PAHs were estimated to contain more toxic derivatives such as nitro-PAH, which ranged from 0.02 ng m−3 (8-Nitrofluoranthene) to 10.46 ng m−3 (1-Nitronaphthalene). Therefore, they could be one of the causes of local people’s health problems that have not been reported previously. Strong correlations of gaseous PAHs with ozone indicated that photochemical oxidation influenced four-ring PAHs. According to the Pearson correlation, diagnostic ratios, and principal component analysis, mixed sources including coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions were the main sources of these pollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Tala,

Kraisitnitikul,

Chantara

2023

Toxics

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“…When fossil fuels, coal, and biomass are burnt, polycyclic hydrocarbons are produced that are classified as PAHs (Adeola et al, 2022b). These chemicals are extremely hazardous because they affect human organs leading to tumors, cancer, and chronic cardiovascular problems (Hussain et al, 2018;Song et al, 2021). In addition to PAHs, dyes, surfactants, industrial additives, and pesticides are also worrisome because they interfere with the endocrine system and nerve cells.…”

Section: Graphene-based Materials As Adsorbents For Pollution Remedia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects

2023

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Carbon-based nanomaterials have drawn significant interest as desirable nanomaterials and composites for the adsorptive removal of various classes of pollutants from water owing to their versatile physicochemical properties. The underlying sorption mechanisms serve as the bedrock for the development of carbonaceous adsorbents for various target pollutants. Microwave-assisted synthesis can be regarded as a recent and well-advanced technique for the development of carbon-based nanomaterials, and the use of biobased materials/wastes/residues conforms with the concept of green and sustainable chemistry. For advancements in carbon-based functional nanomaterials and their industrial/field applications, it is essential to fully comprehend the sorption performance and the selective/non-selective interaction processes between the contaminants and sorbents. In this regard, research on the development of carbon-based nanomaterials for the adsorption of chemical contaminants, both organic and inorganic, in water has made considerable strides as discussed in this review. However, there are still several fundamental hurdles associated with microwave-assisted chemical synthesis and commercial/industrial scale-up applications in nano-remediation. The challenges, benefits, and prospects for further research and development of carbon-based nanomaterials/nanocomposites for the purification of water are also discussed.

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“…There are several reports around the globe about the presence of PAHs in incense smoke [81] due to the organic nature of fragrances used in incense and incense sticks. [82,83] A study carried out near a Temple in China during the new year, revealed that the mean total PAH concentration of 6258 and 231 ng m −3 indoors and outdoors respectively. Further, this study revealed that the indoor PAHs concentration was almost 27 times higher than the outdoor where there were ≈5 different types of PAHs mainly bound or adsorbed on the particles.…”

Section: Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fine Particulate Matters (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) from Incense Smokes on the Various Organ Systems: A Review of an Invisible Killer

Yadav,

Bijekar,

Gacem

et al. 2023

Part & Part Syst Charact

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The drastic increase in industrialization has led to numerous adverse effects on the environment and human health. Respiratory tract disorders are one of the major emerging global health issues that lead to a high mortality rate every year. The quality of indoor and outdoor air has lowered in the last decade.The quality of indoor air has deteriorated by cooking, smoking, and burning incense sticks or smoke. The smoke released from incense and incense sticks contains gaseous products (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxide of sulfur), particular matter (PM10, PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These toxic components released from various incense sources pose a significant risk to human health and the environment. The inhalation and exposure of smoke from various incenses is hazardous to health as it inevitably culminates in deadly organ‐related diseases. With such insights, the present review article focuses on the characteristic attributes of particulate matter released from incense and other sources emphasizing healthcare and environmental concerns.

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Monitoring and Risk Analysis of PAHs in the Environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 154 publications

Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects

The Impact of Fine Particulate Matters (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) from Incense Smokes on the Various Organ Systems: A Review of an Invisible Killer

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Monitoring and Risk Analysis of PAHs in the Environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 154 publications

Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Impact of Atmospheric Conditions and Source Identification of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during a Smoke Haze Period in Upper Southeast Asia

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects

The Impact of Fine Particulate Matters (PM10, PM2.5) from Incense Smokes on the Various Organ Systems: A Review of an Invisible Killer

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Product

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The Impact of Fine Particulate Matters (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) from Incense Smokes on the Various Organ Systems: A Review of an Invisible Killer