Monitoring and Mapping of Deterioration Products on Cultural Heritage Monuments Using Imaging and Laser Spectroscopy

Hatzigiannakis, Kostas; Melessanaki, Kristalia; Philippidis, Aggelos; Kokkinaki, Olga; Kalokairinou, Eleni; Siozos, Panagiotis; Pouli, Paraskevi; Elpida, Politaki; Psaroudaki, Aggeliki; Dokoumetzidis, Aristides; Katsaveli, Elissavet; Kavoulaki, Elissavet; Sithiakaki, Vassiliki

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12960-6_29

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Minoan palaces, which were fundamental to political, economic, and religious life, were built concurrently approximately 1900 BC in urban centers such as Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, and Zakros [19,20] (Figure 3). In particular, Knossos Palace, the largest palace located strategically atop Kefala Hill, endured various hardships yet remained significant throughout the Minoan era.…”

Section: Minoan Civilization and Geocultural Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geocultural Interactions in Minoan Crete: An Environmental Education Perspective through Drama Techniques

Fanioudaki,

Drinia,

Fassoulas

2024

Sustainability

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This paper explores an innovative educational program designed to protect and promote the geocultural heritage of Minoan Crete. The program applies environmental education and sustainability principles while integrating theater in education, a novel approach that significantly impacts participants’ perspectives. By effectively combining these elements, the program fosters environmental awareness, deepens cultural appreciation, and instills sustainable behaviors in both the local population and visitors. This interdisciplinary approach, blending geocultural heritage into environmental education, promotes an understanding of the delicate balance between nature and human interaction during the Minoan era. The paper also examines the program’s potential for broader community engagement and policy influence, emphasizing how its educational outcomes could result in meaningful changes at both community and policy levels. We advocate for the preservation of Minoan Crete’s geocultural heritage and its sustainable future through a unique blend of educational strategies, marking a milestone in heritage conservation.

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Section: Minoan Civilization and Geocultural Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geocultural Interactions in Minoan Crete: An Environmental Education Perspective through Drama Techniques

Fanioudaki,

Drinia,

Fassoulas

2024

Sustainability

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“…Despite being relatively close to the coast, the palace was built on top of the Kefala Hill, in an area between two rivers and topographically somewhat protected from the sea influence [4,[23][24][25]. In addition to the favorable location, the geological characteristics of the island also determined the material resources used for the construction.…”

Section: The Case Study: the Palace Of Knossosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noticing the importance of supporting wooden structures of built walls that did not survive until the archaeological work performed on the site, making them fragile after excavation. In structures built with clay bricks, many fragments and traces of frescoes were found in various areas, indicating not only the importance of the decoration of the spaces, but also the need for wall protection [4,24,29,32].…”

Section: The Case Study: the Palace Of Knossosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortars from the Palace of Knossos in Crete, Greece: A Multi-Analytical Approach

et al. 2021

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The study of building materials constituting cultural heritage is fundamental to understand their characteristics and predict their behavior. When considering materials from archaeological sites, their characterization can provide not only relevant information for a broader understanding of the site and its importance and significance but can also increase knowledge about ancient materials and their performance. The Palace of Knossos is a very important archaeological site in the European history context, and its preservation benefits from the characterization of the constituent materials. Samples of mortars from this monument were collected under the scope of the H2020 HERACLES project, where a multi-analytical approach was chosen using established protocols for the different sample typologies. Instrumental techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) were used for the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of these mortar samples. The results indicate that the majority are lime mortars, both aerial and hydraulic, but gypsum-based mortars were also identified. Differences in the chemical composition of the samples in distinct areas of the monument allowed us to reflect on the variety of materials used in the construction of the Palace of Knossos.

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“…Moreover, the use of micro-invasive tests is in most of the cases not allowed and it cannot be repeated multiple times on the same spot. IS represents for this reason the most promising method for monitoring the optical properties of heritage materials in a non-invasive way and in the long term [9][10][11]. The spatial and spectral characteristics of IS instruments can in fact allow for the identification of entire areas on the monitored document where changes occur rather than single spots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Impact and Sensitivity of Imaging Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Ageing of Archival Documents

Padoan

Klein²,

Groves

et al. 2021

Heritage

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Ageing of historical documents often results in changes in the optical properties of the constituent materials. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can be a valuable tool for monitoring of such changes, if the method fulfils two important conditions. Firstly, compared to natural ageing, the accumulated light dose from repeated measurements of the monitored document must not induce any significant degradation. Secondly, the monitoring instrumentation and procedures should be sensitive enough to detect changes in the materials before they become visible. We present experimental methods to evaluate the suitability of IS instrumentation for monitoring purposes. In the first set of experiments, the impact of repeated monitoring measurements was determined using a set of Blue Wool Standard materials. In the second set of experiments, the capability of the instrument to detect spectral changes was tested using ISO standard materials and several documents representative of European archive collections. It is concluded that the tested hyperspectral instrument is suitable for monitoring of the colour change of documents during display. The described experimental approach can be recommended to test the suitability of other imaging spectroscopy instruments for monitoring applications.

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Monitoring and Mapping of Deterioration Products on Cultural Heritage Monuments Using Imaging and Laser Spectroscopy

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Geocultural Interactions in Minoan Crete: An Environmental Education Perspective through Drama Techniques

Geocultural Interactions in Minoan Crete: An Environmental Education Perspective through Drama Techniques

Mortars from the Palace of Knossos in Crete, Greece: A Multi-Analytical Approach

Quantitative Assessment of Impact and Sensitivity of Imaging Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Ageing of Archival Documents

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