Monitoring Adherence to the International Code of Conduct: Highly Hazardous Pesticides in Central Andean Agriculture and Farmers' Rights to Health

Orozco, Fadya; Cole, Donald C.; Forbes, G. A.; Kroschel, J.; Wanigaratne, Susitha; Arica, Denis

doi:10.1179/107735209799239025

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Comparatively, the current cases seem to be having a major impact on the health of our community, provoking particular concern from the health authorities. (Harari et al 2004;Orozco et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute pesticide poisoning in Ecuador: a short epidemiological report

2010

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Aim The aim of this paper is to analyze the epidemiological pattern, the occupational background and the public health problems of acute pesticide poisoning in Ecuador. This is the first report of its kind. Subjects and methods This was an observational and retrospective study performed with data from 2001 to 2007 from the National Register of Hospital Admissions/Discharges from the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, and also with data from the Ministry of Public Health. Ecuador does not have an official public medical poisoning registry or disease-specific registries. Results The complete register reported 44,931 cases of poisoning with an average of 6,418 cases per year and a global progressive increase of 2,123 cases in the entire period. It reported 14,145 cases of pesticide poisoning. Of these, 10,100 cases were due to the effects of the insecticides organophospate and carbamate. The number of cases by gender was 7,102 (50.21%) males and 7,043 (49.79%) females. The major age group affected was adolescents and young adults. Conclusion In Ecuador, pesticide poisoning occurs in individuals of both sexes who are between 15 to 25 years old and work in adverse conditions as agricultural farmers. The poisoning especially occurs in flower and banana plantation workers throughout the country. Seventy-one percent of the cases are due to organophosphate and carbamate poisonings, which cause death in 4% of the cases; 57% die in the first 48 h, possibly because of the acute action of AChE inhibitors. The long-term effects of pesticides are still unclear and need further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute pesticide poisoning in Ecuador: a short epidemiological report

2010

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“…Indeed, it is through empowerment of farmers and farmworkers in developing countries to understand and participate in monitoring adherence that voluntary codes, which lack legal enforceability, can still contribute to protecting health and safety rights, such as has been shown in Latin America with regard to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Code of Conduct on pesticides. 89 Most recently, work identifying human rights approaches to health systems has added an understanding that a national plan, based on disaggregated data, is integral to realizing the right to health in a health systems context and that participation is key to sound health systems. 96 For occupational health services, this implies national consensus on extending occupational health services into rural areas, the establishment of a national system of surveillance for occupational illness and injury that captures data for the agricultural sector typically marginalized in surveillance systems, and active participation by worker organizations in decision making around occupational health and safety.…”

Section: A Human Rights Approach To Occupational Health and Safety Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Rights and Health: Opportunities to Advance Rural Occupational Health

London

2011

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Human rights norms principally apply to governments, setting out state obligations and citizen entitlements to a range of social and material claims, whereas the highest ethical standards of occupational health professionals (OHPs) are outlined in ethical codes. Human rights discourse is rarely used to shape professional standards for health and safety. Yet there is much potential for synergy by applying human rights approaches to workplace health and safety and professional ethics. A review of international treaties confirms an extensive articulation of the right to workplace health and safety. A case study of pesticide exposure risks to small farmers in developing countries illustrates the links between human rights, occupational health practice, and professional ethics. OHPs have a responsibility to assist in the realization of workers' occupational health rights, particularly by promoting meaningful participation of those affected by hazardous exposures. Human rights approaches may assist the prevention of work-related morbidity.

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“…La fuerza impulsora radica en el apoyo al campo mediante políticas de desarrollo rural que estimulan el uso de agroquímicos y un modelo agrícola intensivo. En este proceso, como bien señalan Orozco et al (2009) y Albert (2015), la presión de mercado y obtención de altos beneficios han sido factores importantes en el empleo inadecuado de plaguicidas en el sector agrícola. Por ello, ahora se requiere establecer planes de desarrollo agrícola alternativos que contribuyan a proteger la salud de la población, especialmente de las comunidades rurales, a favor de cultivos agroecológicos y semillas libres de plaguicidas, patentes y transgénicos.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

“…Nuestros resultados muestran, al igual que los estudios de Orozco et al (2009), Waheed et al (2011) y Araújo-Pinto et al (2012), la falta de acciones de los gobiernos para aminorar o corregir el impacto del uso de plaguicidas en el ambiente y salud humana. Salvo esfuerzos marginales y dispersos de activistas, científicos y académicos, centrados en brindar talleres de sensibilización ambiental para la prevención de riesgos en salud por exposición a agroquímicos, no se han identificado programas oficiales sistemáticos de monitoreo y seguimiento al respecto.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Salud ambiental en localidades agrícolas expuestas a plaguicidas en Sonora

Quijada

Gómez

2019

SyA

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En este trabajo se explora la situación de salud ambiental que exhiben localidades agrícolas del Distrito de Desarrollo Rural 144 (DDR 144) en Sonora, México. Tras revisar resultados de investigaciones realizadas a través de distintas matrices ambientales en suelo, agua, frutas y hortalizas, que han probado la presencia de plaguicidas en varias zonas agrícolas de la entidad, interesa abordar los efectos de salud asociados a la exposición crónica a tales sustancias. Es un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, basado en información científica publicada en artículos y documentos oficiales entre 1988 y 2018. Como guía metodológica se retoma el modelo Fuerzas impulsoras – Presión – Estado – Exposición – Efecto - Acción (FPEEEA), para identificar los principales factores de las dimensiones macroeconómica y ambiental vinculadas con los problemas de salud ambiental. Los resultados confirman deterioro ambiental, presencia de riesgos de salud para la población así como relación de ambos con el uso de agroquímicos en la agricultura, principal actividad económica del DDR 144. Se recomienda ampliar el estudio a nivel estatal y por grupos de edad, utilizando datos oficiales de salud.

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Monitoring Adherence to the International Code of Conduct: Highly Hazardous Pesticides in Central Andean Agriculture and Farmers' Rights to Health

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Acute pesticide poisoning in Ecuador: a short epidemiological report

Acute pesticide poisoning in Ecuador: a short epidemiological report

Human Rights and Health: Opportunities to Advance Rural Occupational Health

Salud ambiental en localidades agrícolas expuestas a plaguicidas en Sonora

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