Monitoramento de ilhas de calor utilizando imagens de média resolução espacial (Heat islands monitoring employing images of medium spatial resolution )

Abstract

The goal of this study aimed to evaluate the heat islands and their relationship with land use and land cover in the urban area of Santa Maria between 2005, 2010 and 2015. For the years 2005 and 2010 the images of the TM/Landsat 5 and OLI/Landsat's 8 for the year 2015 were used. The mapping of land use and land cover was performed based on the NDVI index. For the creation of the temperature maps the thermal bands were used, being band 6 for Landsat 5 and 10 for Landsat 8, performing the radiometric calibration. The emissivity was acquired by associating NDVI index parameters and later, calculations of temperatures in degrees Celsius were performed. The Camobi district presented lower temperature ranges when compared to the Downtown district. Moderate temperatures areas were harbored, whereas the exposed soil encompassed higher temperature ranges in both neighborhoods. It has come to the conclusion that the Camobi district presents a higher degree of cooling than Downtown district, being that of 1 °C in the years 2010 and 2015. It also shows that forests are fundamental in the reduction of heat islands in urban areas.