Mongoose rabies and the African civet in Zimbabwe

Sabeta, Claude; Shumba, Wonderful; Mohale, Debra; Miyen, Jacobeth; Wandeler, Alexander I.; Nel, Louis Hendrik

doi:10.1136/vr.163.19.580

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Civets are mostly solitary scavengers, with presumed low contact rates (Estes, 1992). Consistent with this ecology is the detection of varied canid and mongoose variants of RABV in the few reported cases of rabies in civets, suggesting that civets are spillover hosts (Sabeta et al , 2008). No further cases caused by IKOV have been detected, despite high levels of tourist and research-related activity in the area that have been sufficient to detect RABV in another wild carnivore since the index IKOV case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The few published reports of rabies in civets have been either dog- or mongoose-associated RABV variants, suggestive of spillover rather than maintenance of infection (Sabeta et al , 2008). Despite dogs being responsible for the majority of human rabies cases worldwide, a variety of RABV lineages and numerous diverse lyssavirus species have been detected in wildlife, and particularly in a range of bat species (Banyard et al , 2011; Hayman et al , 2012; Kuzmin et al , 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigenic and genetic characterization of a divergent African virus, Ikoma lyssavirus

Horton

Banyard

Marston

et al. 2014

Journal of General Virology

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In 2009, a novel lyssavirus (subsequently named Ikoma lyssavirus, IKOV) was detected in the brain of an African civet (Civettictis civetta) with clinical rabies in the Serengeti National Park of Tanzania. The degree of nucleotide divergence between the genome of IKOV and those of other lyssaviruses predicted antigenic distinction from, and lack of protection provided by, available rabies vaccines. In addition, the index case was considered likely to be an incidental spillover event, and therefore the true reservoir of IKOV remained to be identified. The advent of sensitive molecular techniques has led to a rapid increase in the discovery of novel viruses. Detecting viral sequence alone, however, only allows for prediction of phenotypic characteristics and not their measurement. In the present study we describe the in vitro and in vivo characterization of IKOV, demonstrating that it is (1) pathogenic by peripheral inoculation in an animal model, (2) antigenically distinct from current rabies vaccine strains and (3) poorly neutralized by sera from humans and animals immunized against rabies. In a laboratory mouse model, no protection was elicited by a licensed rabies vaccine. We also investigated the role of bats as reservoirs of IKOV. We found no evidence for infection among 483 individuals of at least 13 bat species sampled across sites in the Serengeti and Southern Kenya.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic and genetic characterization of a divergent African virus, Ikoma lyssavirus

Horton

Banyard

Marston

et al. 2014

Journal of General Virology

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“…Thus, a breach had not occurred; instead, a novel lyssavirus with an unknown reservoir had caused the infection. Previously published data on lyssavirus infection in African civets (n = 6) was restricted to the RABV mongoose lineage ( 12 ). Although African civets can be infected with RABV and IKOV, infrequent detection of lyssaviruses in this species suggests that they are more likely to be incidental hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ikoma Lyssavirus, Highly Divergent Novel Lyssavirus in an African Civet1

Marston

Horton²,

Ngeleja³

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

106

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“…The gold standard for diagnosis of rabies virus infection (in any species) is direct staining with fluorescent antibody (Davidson, 2006;Hamir, 2011a;Ruprecht et al, 2001). Domestic dogs and other nondomestic canid and carnivore species can serve as reservoirs for rabies virus in different geographic locations; mongoose are recognized reservoirs in Puerto Rico (Berentsen et al, 2015;Sabeta et al, 2008;Wicker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%