Mongolian spots

Abstract

Mongolian spots (MS) are birthmarks that are present at birth and their most common location is sacrococcygeal or lumbar area. Lesions may be single or multiple and usually involve < 5% total body surface area. They are macular and round, oval or irregular in shape. The color varies from blue to greenish, gray, black or a combination of any of the above. The size varies from few to more than 20 centimetres. Pigmentation is most intense at the age of one year and gradually fades thereafter. It is rarely seen after the age of 6 years. Aberrant MS over occiput, temple, mandibular area, shoulders and limbs may be confused with other dermal melanocytoses and bruises secondary to child abuse, thus necessitating documentation at birth. Although regarded as benign, recent data suggest that MS may be associated with inborn errors of metabolism and neurocristopathies. Mongolian spots usually resolve by early childhood and hence no treatment is generally needed if they are located in the sacral area. However, sometimes it may be required for extrasacral lesions for cosmesis.

Dermatoses in the Early Neonatal Period: Their Association With Neonatal, Obstetric and Demographic Variables

“…, 17 , 19 The Mongolian spots in the present study had a higher incidence in males in the lumbosacral region, and were associated with neonates of non-white new mothers (p=0.0005; Odds Ratio - OR=3.9), which is in agreement with other studies 8 17 , 16 , 26 , 27 It is worth noting the high rate of black and brown women (42.3%) in our sample. This is different from the census figures that come from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) for the capital city of the state of Paraná, in which the percentage is 23% 28 .…”

“…Mongolian spots are a hyperpigmentation of blue-gray tones that arise from the migratory flow of melanocytes during the embryonic stage 5 6 , 26 , 27 The wide range of this DN’s prevalence (between 20 and 89%) reflects the ethnic differences between countries, since it has a higher frequency in populations that have skin with a higher phototype (from 72 to 89%) 3 17 , 19 The Mongolian spots in the present study had a higher incidence in males in the lumbosacral region, and were associated with neonates of non-white new mothers (p=0.0005; Odds Ratio - OR=3.9), which is in agreement with other studies 8…”

Oculo auriculo vertebral spectrum and CHARGE association

“…Associated findings can be strabismus, cataracts, microcornea, keratopathy, staphyloma, reduced stereopsis, superior visual field defects and retinal detachment. Our patient also presented with Mongolian spot, the incidence of which is around 65%–80% in the Indian population 8. These spots are usually associated with inborn errors of metabolism nd have also been reported in neurocristopathies which are abnormalities in neural crest cell migration, growth and/or differentiation as hypothesised in Goldenhar syndrome 9.…”

What Are These Dark Brown Patches on the Sole of a Boy’s Foot?

“…12 In normal development, melanocytes in the dermis either migrate to the epidermis or are cleared by macrophages, such that rarely do any remain in the dermis by week 20. 13 The etiology of acquired dermal melanocytosis is currently unknown, but cases report a gradual progression of the pigmented lesion. [14][15][16][17] Our patient's lesion was neither present in infancy nor progressed gradually.…”