Money as a tool to extinguish conditioned responses to cocaine in addicts

Hamilton, Mary; Voris, John C.; Sebastian, Praxedes S.; Singha, Amrita K.; Krejci, Laura P.; Elder, Ivan R.; Allen, Johnny E.; Beitz, James E.; Covington, Karen; Newton, Angus E.; Price, Laura T.; Tillman, Evelyn; Hernández, Linda L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199802)54:2<211::aid-jclp10>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…A few studies have used contingency management for those with dual psychiatric and substance use disorders to reduce use of money to purchase drugs or alcohol (Bellack, Bennett, Gearon, Brown, & Yang, 2006; Drebing et al, 2005; Hamilton et al, 1998; Ries et al, 2004). However, the idea of distributing money only after one has taken medication is not without criticism (Claassen, Fakhoury, Ford, & Priebe, 2007; Szmukler, 2009), with some studies showing the potential for financial coercion when such money is used to leverage adherence among people with psychiatric disabilities (Elbogen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Money Management and Psychiatric Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Money management, mental health, and psychiatric disability: A recovery-oriented model for improving financial skills.

Elbogen

Tiegreen

Vaughan

et al. 2011

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal

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Improving money management can lead to a number of benefits by helping consumers with psychiatric disabilities: 1) gain more knowledge about disability benefits, 2) improve basic financial skills, and 3) reduce vulnerability to financial exploitation. Future work on incorporating this model into psychiatric rehabilitation programs would address skills consumers can use in living, working, and social environments in a way that enhances consumer choice and promotes recovery.

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Section: Money Management and Psychiatric Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Money management, mental health, and psychiatric disability: A recovery-oriented model for improving financial skills.

Elbogen

Tiegreen

Vaughan

et al. 2011

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal

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“…Anecdotally, some drug users report that cash is a cue to use. These reports are supported by empirical studies showing that cues associated with drug use, including cash, increase craving (Childress et al, 1993(Childress et al, , 1999Garavan et al, 2000;Hamilton et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These results should also reassure treatment providers considering the use of incentives for decreasing a single drug in polydrug users, because receipt of incentives when positive for nontarget drug(s) could inadvertently reinforce their use. As noted in the introduction, it is possible for cash to serve as a drug use cue (e.g., Hamilton et al, 1998), and one cannot simply avoid the issue by requiring abstinence from all drugs. Several recent studies have shown that making delivery of incentives contingent on urine specimens testing negative from all or multiple drugs is not effective in helping patients achieve abstinence (Downey, Helmus, & Schuster, 2000; Schottenfeld, Pantalon, Chawarski, & Pakes, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do noncontingent vouchers increase drug use?

Schroeder¹,

Gupman²,

Epstein³

et al. 2003

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Data from 2 contingency management trials, targeting opiate or cocaine use, were used to investigate whether noncontingent vouchers inadvertently reinforce drug use. The control group in each trial received noncontingent vouchers matched in value and frequency to those received by experimental groups, but independent of urinalysis. Vouchers were offered thrice weekly for 8 weeks (opiates) or 12 weeks (cocaine). Both dose-response and temporal associations of noncontingent voucher receipt with drug-positive urines were assessed. Drug use was unrelated to frequency of noncontingent voucher delivery and noncontingent voucher receipt when being drug positive was unassociated with risk of subsequent drug use, with one exception: cocaine use in the cocaine study (relative risk = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.09). Overall, results do not indicate a causal relationship between noncontingent voucher receipt and increased drug use.

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Immersive Virtual Environments in Cue Exposure

Kuntze

Stoermer

Mager

et al. 2001

CyberPsychology & Behavior

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Cue reactivity to drug-related stimuli is a frequently observed phenomenon in drug addiction. Cue reactivity refers to a classical conditioned response pattern that occurs when an addicted subject is exposed to drug-related stimuli. This response consists of physiological and cognitive reactions. Craving, a subjective desire to use the drug of choice, is believed to play an important role in the occurrence of relapse in the natural setting. Besides craving, other subjective cue-elicited reactions have been reported, including withdrawal symptoms, drug-agonistic effects, and mood swings. Physiological reactions that have been investigated include skin conductance, heart rate, salivation, and body temperature. Conditioned reactivity to cues is an important factor in addiction to alcohol, nicotine, opiates, and cocaine. Cue exposure treatment (CET) refers to a manualized, repeated exposure to drug-related cues, aimed at the reduction of cue reactivity by extinction. In CET, different stimuli are presented, for example, slides, video tapes, pictures, or paraphernalia in nonrealistic, experimental settings. Most often assessments consist in subjective ratings by craving scales. Our pilot study will show that immersive virtual reality (IVR) is as good or even better in eliciting subjective and physiological craving symptoms as classical devices.

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Money as a tool to extinguish conditioned responses to cocaine in addicts

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Money management, mental health, and psychiatric disability: A recovery-oriented model for improving financial skills.

Money management, mental health, and psychiatric disability: A recovery-oriented model for improving financial skills.

Do noncontingent vouchers increase drug use?

Immersive Virtual Environments in Cue Exposure

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