Money and Marginalisation: The Lost War Against Abalone Poaching in South Africa

Lambrechts, Derica; Goga, Khalil

doi:10.1080/02589346.2016.1201728

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While organised crime networks are involved in some high-value trades including charismatic megafauna (Rademeyer, 2016, pp. 1-64), caviar (Zabyelina, 2014) and abalone (de Greef & Raemakers, 2014;Lambrechts & Goga, 2016), wildlife industry professionals and individual collectors are involved in the trade of less charismatic wildlife (Hübschle, 2017a;Wyatt, 2009). Many illegal wildlife trades have distinct value and supply chains with their own set of market mechanisms, drivers and dynamics (UNODC, 2016).…”

Section: Trafficking Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trade in Stolen Culture and Nature as Neocolonial Hegemony

Mackenzie¹,

Hübschle²,

Yates³

2020

The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice and Sustainable Development

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People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

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Section: Trafficking Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trade in Stolen Culture and Nature as Neocolonial Hegemony

Mackenzie¹,

Hübschle²,

Yates³

2020

The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice and Sustainable Development

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“…Studies from around the world have demonstrated that the conservation of large carnivores might conflict with the interests of residents, livestock owners, and farmers (e.g., Lamarque et al, 2009;Tamrat et al, 2020;Rode et al, 2021). In public debate, farmers, hunters, and local populations resisting conservation efforts are often considered opponents of progressive values for their personal interests and economic gain (e.g., Lambrechts and Goga, 2016;Steen, 2019). The conflict is often portrayed as one with backward and conservative people in the countryside opposing progressive values and preservation of nature (e.g., Westerstad, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conflict is often portrayed as one with backward and conservative people in the countryside opposing progressive values and preservation of nature (e.g., Westerstad, 2021). Hence, local populations are often described as hindering conservation efforts and therefore being an obstacle to the successful protection of endangered species (e.g., Lambrechts and Goga, 2016). In recent research on the human dimensions of wildlife, social scientists have tried to understand the underlying reasons and perspectives of the local population affected by conservation, recognizing the problems that wildlife causes, such as financial loss and distress (e.g., Skogen and Haaland, 2001;Sjölander-Lindqvist et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualizing negative attitudes to wildlife and wildlife governance in the moral economy of Swedish farmers

Larsson

Bennett

et al. 2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Conflicts over managing large carnivores have been prominent in Sweden in recent decades. The most significant controversies are related to wolves, but the bear, lynx, and wolverine are also included. While the state and environmental organizations make efforts to guarantee a viable population of the large protected carnivores, farmers generally have a negative attitude towards large carnivores and a low level of trust in wildlife governance. Based on 22 in-depth interviews, 37 telephone questionnaires with Swedish farmers, and an analysis of 111 applications for protective hunting, this paper aims to demonstrate how these farmers’ perspectives on large carnivores can be explained by moral (sense of right and wrong) and moral economy (a system of obligations related to values and relations intervening with political views and financial decisions). The paper argues that farming, in addition to being an economic activity, is integrated with values, heritage, and relations to other human beings and animals. Farmers understand these values to be threatened by large carnivores, especially by wolves. The paper contextualizes negative sentiments, conflicts, protests, and also illegal hunting of large carnivores in relation to a sense of morals, sense of fairness, meanings, traditions, and mechanisms of daily life. We argue that this perspective provides a lens through which to interpret the conflict between farmers on the one side and the state and animal rights activists on the other. Such interpretation has consequences for understanding the legitimacy of government, shifting the focus from the processes of political governance (predominant in liberal political philosophy) to legitimacy tied to collective notions of social goods.

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“…Africa (H. midae). In addition to overfishing, illegal harvest in Mexico and South Africa, in particular (Reyes et al, 2009;Raemaekers et al, 2011;Lambrechts & Goga, 2016), and disease-induced mass mortality events (Neuman et al, 2010) have depleted natural populations of haliotids around the world. Not all abalone fisheries, however, are experiencing stock depletion, for example, the Australian abalones, H. rubra and H. laevigata (Burnell et al, 2020) and the blackfoot pāua, H. iris, in New Zealand (Fisheries New Zealand, 2022).…”

Section: Historical Interest In Abalone Fishery and Current World Fis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decline of natural abalone stocks can be attributed to many reasons including illegal poaching (H. fulgens and H. corrugata in Mexico, Reyes et al, 2009;H. midae, Raemaekers et al, 2011;Lambrechts & Goga, 2016), commercial and recreational overfishing in California (Roberts & Hawkins, 1999;Rogers-Bennet et al, 2002;Rogers-Bennett et al, 2004) and Europe (H. tuberculata, Mgaya & Mercer, 1994) and disease (H. cracherodii, Neuman et al, 2010). In addition, habitat loss and degradation of coastal environments combined with inter-specific competition and global climate change, have been linked to local species extinction (Roberts & Hakwins, 1999) and shifts in a species' distribution (Rodgers-Bennet, 2007) and can seriously affect the stock status of marine fisheries (reviewed by Cochrane, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic and genomic approaches for the management of the blackfoot paua, Haliotis iris Gmelin 1791, within the genus context

Trauzzi

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The blackfoot pāua, Haliotis iris Gmelin 1791 is one of three endemic species of abalone (Haliotis spp.) found in New Zealand. This marine gastropod is a taonga (highly prized or treasured) species and a traditional kai moana (seafood) in the Māori culture. The increase in commercial interest around the exploitation of pāua shells and meat in the early 1960s led to the development of fishing restrictions and in 1986/87 and to the pāua fishery management system based on quota management areas (QMAs). In 2016, the Kaikōura earthquake generated a coastal uplift along the Kaikōura region where one of the country’s most productive pāua fisheries is located. Pronounced mortality of seaweed and marine intertidal invertebrates was reported in the affected region. Subsequently, the pāua fishery along approximately 110 km of coastline and encompassing two QMAs (PAU3A and PAU7) was closed for 5 years with substantial losses in annual revenue. It was reopened for 3 months on the 1st December 2021. The fishery was closed again at the end of February 2022 and at the time of writing remains closed. The goals of this thesis are to: 1) identify patterns of global population genetic structure and genetic connectivity within the genus Haliotis by reviewing the published literature to provide context to the findings obtained for the blackfoot pāua from New Zealand; 2) describe the population genetic connectivity, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of pāua populations from the Kaikōura region before and after the 2016 earthquake for the first time through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-derived molecular markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms - SNPs); 3) investigate potential genotypic-environmental associations (GEAs) between the variation at microsatellite markers and environmental variation for pāua populations at the national scale; and 4) identify significant GEAs between neutral genetic variation at SNP loci for pāua at Kaikōura and environmental (i.e., ecological and oceanographic data) data before and after the 2016 earthquake. Abalone are widely understudied and the literature is strongly biased towards certain species of economic relevance in developed countries where most biological stocks do not correspond to fishing management units. Abalone species worldwide are generally characterised by weak population genetic structure that can be explained by the geomorphology of the coasts (i.e., headlands, bays) and correlated physical oceanography (i.e., ocean currents and upwelling). For the blackfoot pāua from Kaikōura, weak genetic structure (differentiation from other sites) was found at Cape Campbell, a headland, the northernmost site in the region and a well-known biogeographic boundary in New Zealand. High levels of gene flow and the large effective population sizes (Ne) of all populations in the Kaikōura region may have counterbalanced the effects of the Kaikōura earthquake on this species. Based on the current dataset, no direct effect of the 2016 earthquake was evident for the pāua populations from Kaikōura. Differences in the genetic connectivity patterns between adults and juveniles in PAU3A were detected. This finding could be explained by different scenarios including but not limited to local recruitment, variability in ocean currents and/or cohort effect. Collection of long-term genomic data may further clarify the stability of this pattern and its possible causes. Seascape genetics revealed the association between the genetic differentiation of pāua at Cape Campbell with higher sedimentation levels and higher sea surface temperatures (SST) that may act as barriers to gene flow for pāua to other (regional) sites. Chlorophyll-a and SST were also associated with patterns of genetic connectivity in juveniles in PAU3A and loosely followed a geographic pattern. Multiple estimates of SST, proxies for ocean currents, oceanic fronts and productivity levels of the waters around New Zealand, were significantly associated with variation at microsatellite loci for pāua at the national scale. This research reports the successful development of high throughput genomic data and its applications to pāua management in New Zealand at regional scales and the use of novel genetic analyses to pāua at the national scale. The overlap between the genetic split detected for pāua at Cape Campbell and the original boundary between the two QMAs (based on the boundary between iwi tribes) denoted how the QMS in New Zealand took into consideration Māori stewardship over marine resources since its beginning. The detection of a genetic break at small spatial scales supports the ongoing shift towards a finer scale fishery management in New Zealand and suggests the implementation of advanced genomic tools to inform management decisions. Seascape genetics analyses carried out in this thesis highlighted a relationship between genetic and environmental variations for pāua at both small and large spatial scales that could inform restoration efforts as well as focus on stocks at potential risk. Increased levels of sedimentation and high SST were recorded in the Marlborough region where pāua stocks are declining. Attention to pāua stocks in areas where these two environmental factors are increasing is suggested especially considering climate global change. The integration of genomic tools into fishery management represents the next big advancement in the long-term sustainable exploitation of pāua stocks in New Zealand.

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Money and Marginalisation: The Lost War Against Abalone Poaching in South Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Global Trade in Stolen Culture and Nature as Neocolonial Hegemony

Global Trade in Stolen Culture and Nature as Neocolonial Hegemony

Contextualizing negative attitudes to wildlife and wildlife governance in the moral economy of Swedish farmers

Population genetic and genomic approaches for the management of the blackfoot paua, Haliotis iris Gmelin 1791, within the genus context

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