Monetary Valuation of Children’s Cognitive Outcomes in Economic Evaluations from a Societal Perspective: A Review

Grosse, Scott D.; Zhou, Ying

doi:10.3390/children8050352

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…It is well recognized that IQ in childhood is positively associated with economic productivity in adulthood. Grosse and Zhou [ 17 ] estimated a 1.4% difference in productivity for 1 point IQ difference in the US. If this is applicable to Japan, then a 0.49 point greater IQ gain would have increased the economic productivity of the Japanese by 0.7% in the last two decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Benefit of Decreasing Seafood Consumption in Japan—Docosahexaenoic Acid, Methylmercury and Infant IQ

Fujimura

Yoshinaga

2023

Foods

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National statistics show that seafood consumption in Japan is decreasing since the mid-1990s. The risks and benefits of this decreasing seafood consumption was assessed in this study. Intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and methylmercury (MeHg) of women of childbearing age were estimated by using seafood consumption data of women of age 20–39 in the period 2011–2019 and seafood DHA and MeHg content data to find significantly (p < 0.05) decreasing intake of DHA (2.8 mg/day per year) and MeHg (0.19 μg Hg/day per year) in this period. The effect of the decreasing maternal DHA and MeHg intake on infant IQ was estimated by using the equation developed by the FAO/WHO. Net IQ change (the difference in IQ gain by DHA and IQ loss by MeHg) was constant or even increasing, depending on the assumption, in this period while seafood consumption was significantly decreasing. This was due to the decreasing adverse effect of MeHg, along with saturated DHA-derived benefits on infant IQ, even at the decreased seafood consumption of Japanese women of childbearing age. It was indicated that the recent decreasing trend in seafood consumption in Japan did not have an unfavorable effect on infant IQ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Benefit of Decreasing Seafood Consumption in Japan—Docosahexaenoic Acid, Methylmercury and Infant IQ

Fujimura

Yoshinaga

2023

Foods

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“…Furthermore, EPA has recently undertaken to investigate revisions to the LCR [ 65 ]. EPA’s initial proposed revisions may not reduce WLLs and hence, lead exposures [ 66 ]; however, improvements in regulatory requirements, enforcement and compliance could produce significant social benefits in the form of reduced lead damages [ 4 , 62 , 63 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead contamination of public drinking water and academic achievements among children in Massachusetts: a panel study

Levin

Schwartz

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background Public drinking water can be an important source exposure to lead, which can affect children’s cognitive development and academic performance. Few studies have looked at the impact of lead exposures from community water supplies or their impact on school achievements. We examined the association between annual community water lead levels (WLLs) and children’s academic performances at the school district level. Methods We matched the 90th percentile WLLs with the grade 3–8 standardized test scores from the Stanford Education Data Archive on Geographic School Districts by geographic location and year. We used multivariate linear regression and adjusted for urbanicity, race, socioeconomic characteristics, school district, grade, and year. We also explored potential effect measure modifications and lag effects. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, a 5 μg/L increase in 90th percentile WLLs in a GSD was associated with a 0.00684 [0.00021, 0.01348] standard deviation decrease in the average math test score in the same year. No association was found for English Language Arts. Conclusions We found an association between the annual fluctuation of WLLs and math test scores in Massachusetts school districts, after adjusting for confounding by urbanicity, race, socioeconomic factors, school district, grade, and year. The implications of a detectable effect of WLLs on academic performance even at the modest levels evident in MA are significant and timely. Persistent efforts should be made to further reduce lead in drinking water.

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“…Given that benefits from some interventions early in life are likely to persist and accrue over time, it is important to capture and model these in economic evaluations to avoid underestimating intervention benefits (Knapp & Wong, 2020;Ungar, 2021). For example, based on associations between Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and market productivity, a one-point increase in IQ has been valued between US$ 10,600-13,100 in the US (Grosse & Zhou, 2021). Despite this, only nine of 16 full economic evaluations in the review investigated outcomes for 10 years or more, six of which are benefit-cost analyses and one cost-effectiveness analysis.…”

Section: Implications For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Primary School Interventions to Improve Child Social–Emotional and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations

Abou Jaoude,

Leiva-Granados,

Mcgranahan

et al. 2024

School Mental Health

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Primary schools are key settings for social–emotional and mental health promotion. Reviews have assessed the effectiveness of primary school interventions delivered universally to all pupils for improving child social–emotional and mental health outcomes. This is the first study to review economic evaluations of such interventions and their value for money, which is key for informing policy. Peer-reviewed English language publications were systematically searched from database inception dates until 17 October 2022. We included economic evaluations of universal primary school interventions, or interventions with a universal component, to improve social–emotional and mental health outcomes in primary school children—regardless of evaluation methods or location. Key data and results were extracted from included studies for descriptive and narrative synthesis. Extracted costs were converted to International Dollars (Int$) and inflated to the year 2021. The reporting quality of included studies was appraised using the 2022 CHEERS checklist. Our review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020190148) and funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ES/T005149/1). A total of 25 economic evaluations were included for analysis in our review. Full economic evaluations combining both costs and outcomes comprised 20 of the 25 evaluations, of which 16 used comparable outcomes. The remaining five economic evaluations were cost analyses (partial). Study quality varied substantially and was higher amongst full economic evaluations. Evaluated interventions consisted primarily of programmes and curricula (n = 9) and universal interventions combining a targeted component (n = 5), amongst other intervention types such as teacher practices (n = 3). Average annual costs per child varied substantially (Int$18.7-Int$83,656) across intervention types. Universal interventions combining a targeted component were the least costly (Int$26.9-Int$66.8), along with an intervention designed to improve school operational culture (Int$46.0), and most of the programmes and curricula evaluated (Int$21.4-Int$396). All except for one of the 16 full economic evaluations using comparable outcomes found interventions were cost-effective (cost-saving–Int$25,463/QALY) relative to country cost-effectiveness thresholds or yielded positive returns on investment (Int$1.31–11.55 for each Int$1 invested) compared with usual practice. We identified several low-cost interventions that likely provide good value for money and should be considered by policymakers in high-income countries. However, there is a need for more economic evaluations in low- and middle-income countries, and a need to improve study reporting quality and better value outcomes more generally.

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Monetary Valuation of Children’s Cognitive Outcomes in Economic Evaluations from a Societal Perspective: A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 108 publications

Risk and Benefit of Decreasing Seafood Consumption in Japan—Docosahexaenoic Acid, Methylmercury and Infant IQ

Risk and Benefit of Decreasing Seafood Consumption in Japan—Docosahexaenoic Acid, Methylmercury and Infant IQ

Lead contamination of public drinking water and academic achievements among children in Massachusetts: a panel study

Universal Primary School Interventions to Improve Child Social–Emotional and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations

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