Monaural localization of low-pass noise bands in the horizontal plane

Belendiuk, Krystyna; Butler, Robert A.

doi:10.1121/1.380717

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Monaural cues (spectral cues and head shadow effect) are involved in the localization of sounds when one ear is obstructed, or in unilaterally deaf subjects [37]. However, spectral cues also contribute to BSL, particularly for vertical and front-back discrimination [38], but also for azimuth localization [39,40]. Moreover, some authors suggest that spectral cues based on head-related transfer function templates are sensitive to experience [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals

et al. 2005

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Blind individuals often demonstrate enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. However, the neural substrate that underlies this improved performance remains to be fully understood. An earlier behavioral study demonstrated that some early-blind people localize sounds more accurately than sighted controls using monaural cues. In order to investigate the neural basis of these behavioral differences in humans, we carried out functional imaging studies using positron emission tomography and a speaker array that permitted pseudo-free-field presentations within the scanner. During binaural sound localization, a sighted control group showed decreased cerebral blood flow in the occipital lobe, which was not seen in early-blind individuals. During monaural sound localization (one ear plugged), the subgroup of early-blind subjects who were behaviorally superior at sound localization displayed two activation foci in the occipital cortex. This effect was not seen in blind persons who did not have superior monaural sound localization abilities, nor in sighted individuals. The degree of activation of one of these foci was strongly correlated with sound localization accuracy across the entire group of blind subjects. The results show that those blind persons who perform better than sighted persons recruit occipital areas to carry out auditory localization under monaural conditions. We therefore conclude that computations carried out in the occipital cortex specifically underlie the enhanced capacity to use monaural cues. Our findings shed light not only on intermodal compensatory mechanisms, but also on individual differences in these mechanisms and on inhibitory patterns that differ between sighted individuals and those deprived of vision early in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals

et al. 2005

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“…Specifically, we do not know whether lowfrequency sounds-<4.0 kHz-when added to sounds of higher frequencies improve performance. The Belendiuk and Butler (1975) experiment only investigated the performances as the high-frequency cutoff of a low-pass noise was increased progressively. Nor, as mentioned earlier, do we know whether frequencies >11.0 kHz contribute toward proficiency in monaural localization in the HP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stimulus must be complex; judgments of the location of sinusoids in the monaural localization task do not correspond to their actual location (Angell & Fite, 1901;Butler, 1971). Also, the higher audio frequencies->5.0 kHz -must be included in the sound before a subject can attain maximal accuracy (Belendiuk & Butler, 1975). But there exists at least one set of stimulus conditions which fails to affect the MSP and the monaural HP localization tasks similarly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spectral cues which influence monaural Localization in the horizontal plane

Belendiuk

Butler

1977

Perception & Psychophysics

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An extensive series of behavioral tests was carried out to determine what region, or regions, of the sound spectrum were critical for locating sounds monaurally in the horizontal plane. Seven subjects were requested to locate narrow bands of noise centered at different frequencies, combinations of these noise bands, low-pass, high-pass, and broadband noise. As observed in an earlier study, increasing bandwidth did not necessarily lead to improved localization performance until the band became broad, including, for example, all frequencies above 4.0 kHz. What seems to be happening is that listeners perceive narrow bands of noise originating from restricted places in the horizontal plane which may differ one from another depending on the frequency composition of the stimulus. In several instances, if two noise bands were presented simultaneously, the resulting stimulus was located with reasonable accuracy provided each component, when presented singly, was perceived as emanating from clearly separate azimuthal positions. If, however, two noise bands, which were perceived to originate from approximately the same azimuthal position when presented singly, were now presented simultaneously, the resulting stimulus still was perceived to originate from the same region of the horizontal plane. This, then, is a case where augmenting the spectral content of the stimulus does not bring about improved performance. We suggest that the expression of judgmental biases in the apparent location of a band of noise may prove useful for understanding why some stimuli of specified width and center frequency are localizable while others are not.

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“…A number of studies demonstrated that people listening with just one ear can localize sound sources in the horizontal plane although such localization accuracy is much poorer than with two ears and all localization judgments are shifted toward the active ear (Belendiuk and Butler, 1975;Butler 1987;Butler and Flannery, 1980;Jin et al, 2004;Morimoto, 2001;Oldfield and Parker, 1984a;Van Wanrooij and Van Opstal, 2004). Such localization ability is proof that horizontal localization can, to some degree, be facilitated by monaural cues.…”

Section: Monaural Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

Łȩtowski¹,

Letowski²

2012

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Monaural localization of low-pass noise bands in the horizontal plane

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals

A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals

Spectral cues which influence monaural Localization in the horizontal plane

Auditory Spatial Perception: Auditory Localization

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