Momentum Enhancement during Kinetic Impacts in the Low-intermediate-strength Regime: Benchmarking and Validation of Impact Shock Physics Codes

Luther, R.; Raducan, Sabina D.; Burger, Christoph; Wünnemann, K.; Jutzi, Martin; Schäfer, Christoph; Koschny, D.; Davison, T. M.; Collins, G. S.; Zhang, Yun; Michel, Patrick

doi:10.3847/psj/ac8b89

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Because the AIDA/DART modeling team employs a variety of numerical approaches, a benchmarking campaign was designed to better understand inherent uncertainties in period change, crater size, and expected β if different codes were used (Stickle et al 2020;Section 2.3). The uncertainties between the results from different codes are further reduced when the porosity models and applied crush curves are closely aligned between different codes (Luther et al 2022; Section 2.3). Stickle et al (2020) showed that uncertainties in material properties (and how they are represented using specific constitutive models) and target structure will have larger effects than any inherent uncertainty between different codes used to simulate the DART impact.…”

Section: Overview Of Specific Shock Physics Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details are included in the following sections. In general, simulations suggest that β is strongly affected by target cohesion (i.e., the shear strength of the material at zero pressure), the coefficient of internal friction, and the target porosity (e.g., Walker & Cochron 2011;Rainey et al 2017Rainey et al , 2020Stickle et al 2017;Raducan et al 2019;Luther et al 2022;. Other parameters, such as target shape and internal structure, can affect β, but the effects are more subtle and depend on the specifics of the shape combined with impact angle and the near-surface structure.…”

Section: Deflection Parameter: Momentum Enhancement (β)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stickle et al (2020) revealed a noticeable difference (15%-30%) between the momentum enhancement predicted by CTH and Spheral at porosities important for the DART impact (∼20%), likely an artifact of the specific porosity model implementations and how they differ in the two codes (see Section 2.2 for porosity model definitions). Luther et al (2022) investigated this further by comparing the resulting momentum enhancement for three codes (iSALE, miluphcuda, Bern SPH). They were able to align crush curves between codes and reduce the variation on β to ±5% for most scenarios tested.…”

Section: Effects Of Target Density/porosity On Deflection Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Impact and Target Parameters on the Results of a Kinetic Impactor: Predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Stickle¹,

DeCoster²,

Burger³

et al. 2022

Planet. Sci. J.

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The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft will impact into the asteroid Dimorphos on 2022 September 26 as a test of the kinetic impactor technique for planetary defense. The efficiency of the deflection following a kinetic impactor can be represented using the momentum enhancement factor, β, which is dependent on factors such as impact geometry and the specific target material properties. Currently, very little is known about Dimorphos and its material properties, which introduces uncertainty in the results of the deflection efficiency observables, including crater formation, ejecta distribution, and β. The DART Impact Modeling Working Group (IWG) is responsible for using impact simulations to better understand the results of the DART impact. Pre-impact simulation studies also provide considerable insight into how different properties and impact scenarios affect momentum enhancement following a kinetic impact. This insight provides a basis for predicting the effects of the DART impact and the first understanding of how to interpret results following the encounter. Following the DART impact, the knowledge gained from these studies will inform the initial simulations that will recreate the impact conditions, including providing estimates for potential material properties of Dimorphos and β resulting from DART’s impact. This paper summarizes, at a high level, what has been learned from the IWG simulations and experiments in preparation for the DART impact. While unknown, estimates for reasonable potential material properties of Dimorphos provide predictions for β of 1–5, depending on end-member cases in the strength regime.

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Section: Overview Of Specific Shock Physics Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deflection Parameter: Momentum Enhancement (β)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Target Density/porosity On Deflection Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Impact and Target Parameters on the Results of a Kinetic Impactor: Predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Stickle¹,

DeCoster²,

Burger³

et al. 2022

Planet. Sci. J.

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“…This approach has been tested extensively in parameter studies (unpublished), benchmarked against other shock physics codes (i.e. Luther et al 2022)…”

Section: A2 Modelling Approach For the Late-stage Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping and ejection processes on rubble-pile asteroids from impacts

Raducan

Jutzi

Zhang

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. Most small asteroids (< 50 km in diameter) are the result of the breakup of a larger parent body and are often considered to be rubble-pile objects. Similar structures are expected for the secondaries of small asteroid binaries, including Dimorphos, the smaller component of the 65 803 Didymos binary system and the target of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) and ESA’s Hera mission. The DART impact will occur on September 26, 2022, and will alter the orbital period of Dimorphos around Didymos. Aims. In this work we assume Dimorphos-like bodies with a rubble-pile structure and quantify the effects of boulder packing in its interior on the post-impact morphology, degree of shape change, and material ejection processes. Methods. We used the Bern smoothed particle hydrodynamics shock physics code to numerically model hypervelocity impacts on small, 160 m in diameter, rubble-pile asteroids with a variety of boulder distributions. Results. We find that the post-impact target morphology is most sensitive to the mass fraction of boulders comprising the target, while the asteroid deflection efficiency depends on both the mass fraction of boulders on the target and on the boulder size distribution close to the impact point. Our results may also have important implications for the structure of small asteroids.

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“…To compute the coefficient of internal friction from the measured angle of response θ 15 , 17 , we follow the relation described in ref. 32 : …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining surface properties of asteroid (162173) Ryugu from numerical simulations of Hayabusa2 mission impact experiment

et al. 2022

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The Hayabusa2 mission impact experiment on asteroid Ryugu created an unexpectedly large crater. The associated regime of low-gravity, low-strength cratering remained largely unexplored so far, because these impact conditions cannot be re-created in laboratory experiments on Earth. Here we show that the target cohesion may be very low and the impact probably occurred in the transitional cratering regime, between strength and gravity. For such conditions, our numerical simulations are able to reproduce the outcome of the impact on Ryugu, including the effects of boulders originally located near the impact point. Consistent with most recent analysis of Ryugu and Bennu, cratering scaling-laws derived from our results suggest that surfaces of small asteroids must be very young. However, our results also show that the cratering efficiency can be strongly affected by the presence of a very small amount of cohesion. Consequently, the varying ages of different geological surface units on Ryugu may be due to the influence of cohesion.

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Momentum Enhancement during Kinetic Impacts in the Low-intermediate-strength Regime: Benchmarking and Validation of Impact Shock Physics Codes

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of Impact and Target Parameters on the Results of a Kinetic Impactor: Predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Effects of Impact and Target Parameters on the Results of a Kinetic Impactor: Predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Reshaping and ejection processes on rubble-pile asteroids from impacts

Constraining surface properties of asteroid (162173) Ryugu from numerical simulations of Hayabusa2 mission impact experiment

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