Moments of Pleasure: A Preliminary Classification of Gustatory mmms and the Enactment of Enjoyment During Infant Mealtimes

Abstract

The enjoyment of food and the sharing of mealtimes is a normative cultural and social practice. Empirical research on eating enjoyment has, however, been a rather neglected area across the social sciences, often marginalized in favor of health or focusing on individual preferences rather than shared enjoyment. Even with regards to children, their enjoyment of food is typically rated retrospectively via parental reports of mealtime behavior. What is missing is an understanding of how enjoyment becomes a normative, cultural practice during mealtimes. This paper examines this issue in the context of parents feeding their 5–8-month-old infants in the family home, since it is within this context that we can see the early emergence of such practices in often highly routinized situations. The enactment of eating as enjoyable, and of the food as appreciated or “liked” in some way, is a culturally normative practice that becomes recognizable through particular non-lexical (“mmm,” “ooh”) or lexical (“this is nice, isn't it?”) utterances. The data comprise 66 infant mealtimes video-recorded over almost 19 h, from five families living in Scotland. The analysis uses discursive psychology and focuses on the sequential position of different types of parental gustatory mmms as produced during the infant meals. A classification of four types of mmm were identified in the corpus—announcement, receipting, modeling, and encouragement mmms —each associated with features of sequential and multimodal organization within the mealtime. In the majority of instances, mmm s were uttered alone with no other assessment terms, and parents typically produced these as an orientation to the enjoyment of their infants', rather than their own, eating practices. The receipting mmms , for instance, occurred at the precise moment when the infant's mouth closed around the food. It is argued that eating enjoyment can be considered as much an interactional practice as an individual sensation, and that non-lexical vocalizations around food are an essential part of sensory practices. The paper thus aims to bridge the gap between cultural and psychological studies of eating enjoyment and contribute to developmental studies of infant feeding in everyday interaction.

A Psychoacoustic Test for Misophonia Assessment

“…However, the western standards are not necessarily shared by other cultures. Customs regarding eating can be different from one part of the world to another 26,27 . It is unclear whether this cultural aspect may modulate misophonia development, symptoms and impairment.…”

Sounds on the Margins of Language at the Heart of Interaction

“…Some vocalizations, like clicks, are considered linguistic in some languages -limited to Southern Africa, where they occur in words-but not in others, including English and Mandarin (Li, 2020/this issue;Ogden, 2013Ogden, , 2020, where they are normally considered to be paralinguistic (Gil, 2013). In English [m] has linguistic status and also paralinguistic status (Gardner, 2002;Wiggins, 2019).…”

Enacting Gustatory Pleasure on Behalf of Another: The Multimodal Coordination of Infant Tasting Practices

“…The analysis presented in this paper is based on a subset of the data during which parents produce a sound known as a gustatory mmm , a nonlexical vocalization used when consuming food or drink, that has a characteristic rise‐fall pitch movement and an amplitude (loudness) that marks it as different to a conversational response mm . From the data corpus, a total of 273 gustatory mmms were identified, produced on announcement of the food, when the food is placed into the infant's mouth, when the parent is eating, or at other times during the infant meal (see Wiggins 2019 for details). The focus for the current paper is on those instances in which the parent produces a gustatory mmm while the infant has food in their mouths, irrespective of the extent of visible chewing of the food, though when the parent themself has no food in their mouths.…”