MOM/GA-Based Virtual Array for Radar Systems

Sultan, K. S.; Abdullah, Haythem H.; Abdallah, Esmat A.; El‐Hennawy, Hadia

doi:10.3390/s20030713

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Planar antennas offer low cost, low weight, and very modest geometry [18][19][20]. Various simple techniques can be used to provide high gain when compared to the horn antennas commonly used in GB-SAR devices [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Array for Ku-Band MIMO GB-SAR

El-Hameed

Suzuki

2021

IEEE Access

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A new multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna configuration with wideband and low sidelobe level (SLL) is introduced for ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR). The proposed MIMO antenna has 15 transmitting and 16 receiving antenna arrays, arranged in two parallel straight lines, to synthesize a virtual array of 256 elements suitable for monitoring relatively large areas. The inter-element spaces are optimized to λ between transmitting elements and 4λ between receiving elements, to realize both low mutual coupling and an inferior SLL of lower than-37 dB for the overall MIMO antenna. The MIMO antenna element has eight rectangular patch linear arrays working at 17.1 GHz. A traveling wave-feeding network with center excitation is used to feed each element, in order to reduce the SLL and achieve a wide bandwidth of more than 300 MHz. The antenna array shows a gain of 14.3 dBi and half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of 10° and 105° in the elevation and azimuth planes, respectively. The performance of the proposed design satisfies the GB-SAR requirements, which are validated by fabrication and measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Array for Ku-Band MIMO GB-SAR

El-Hameed

Suzuki

2021

IEEE Access

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“…There is another trend for synthesizing antenna arrays using a fewer number of elements by using virtual antenna array (VAA) beamforming. The VAA concept is widely used in antenna array-based applications such as radar systems, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, direction of arrival (DoA) estimation, and null broadening as introduced in [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In [8], the VAA has been used for MIMO synthetic aperture radar (SAR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where, the VAA concept is applied on one-dimensional LAA for providing satisfied performance for remote sensing. While in [9], the combination of VAA and MoM/GA beamforming techniques has been introduced for the synthesis of mediumrange radar (MRR) and long-range radar (LRR) PAA systems. The VAA is applied on a two-dimensional planar antenna array (PAA) by constructing two orthogonal LAAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized VAA Based Synthesis of Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array for SLL Reduction and Beam Thinning Using Minimum Number of Elements

et al. 2021

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In this paper, new virtual antenna array (VAA) based synthesis techniques are introduced for side lobe level (SLL) reduction, beam thinning, and number of elements minimization for elliptical cylindrical antenna arrays (ECAA) of radar systems. Thereby, significant improvements in the array gain and directivity are achieved, which enhance the detection range and angular resolution of the radar. Furthermore, the overall implementation cost of the system is highly reduced by saving the number of elements and the corresponding RF chains and simplifying the feeding network. Firstly, the proposed technique decomposes the single transmit/receive ECAA into a separate transmit linear antenna array (LAA) and receive elliptical antenna array (EAA). Secondly, the number of antenna elements, element spacing, and excitations of the created LAA and EAA are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to produce efficient beamformed patterns. Finally, the Kronker product of the optimized LAA and EAA patterns is performed to form the optimized virtual ECAA (V-ECAA) pattern. We also introduced both the uniform feeding based V-ECAA technique and the non-uniform feeding based V-ECAA synthesis technique for more flexibility and better productivity in antenna arrays design. The simulation results revealed that the uniform feeding based V-ECAA provides an identical pattern to that of the traditional uniform feeding ECAA while saves the number of elements by 66.6%. While in the case of non-uniform feeding based V-ECAA, it provides much lower SLL and narrower HPBW than those of the ECAA while saving the number of elements by 63.8%. Furthermore, the HB is applied to provide additional beam thinning and SLL reduction of the proposed nonuniform V-ECAA that is denoted as (HBV-ECAA). The possibility of practical validations of the synthesized V-ECAAs is verified using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio package, which gives users an integrated design environment and achieves realizable and robust designs.

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“…It was concluded that the nonuniform virtual array provided better phase tolerance compared to the uniform virtual arrays. In [ 22 ], a novel VAA synthesis technique based on the method of moments (MoM) and the genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced for the synthesis of planar antenna arrays (PAAs) in radar systems. This technique mimicked PAAs by using two orthogonal linear antenna arrays (LAAs) whose excitation coefficients were optimized to achieve a pattern highly matched to that of the desired PAA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution and Large-Detection-Range Virtual Antenna Array for Automotive Radar Applications

Abdullah

Mabrouk

Kabeel

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Collision avoidance and autonomous control of vehicles have become essential needs for providing a high-quality and safe life. This paper introduces a new generic scheme for a virtual antenna array (VAA) and its application in a train collision-avoidance system (TCAS). The proposed TCAS shall have the capability of identifying the range and angle of an object in front of a moving train and provide the required alerts. Thereby, a new virtual array distribution for both the transmitting and the receiving antenna arrays is introduced to get a long-range object detection and high-resolution multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. This can be accomplished because the VAA radiation pattern is the multiplication of the radiation patterns for both the transmitting and receiving antenna arrays, which is different than each one of them alone. In this work, the VAA is utilized in radar systems in which the radar range depends on the multiplication of the gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas. So, we introduce a new scheme for the general design of VAA-based radars. A prototype for the antenna system was fixed on a of Texas Instruments platform for the cascading radar. One of the main problems of the VAA is the loss of radiated power in undesired directions, which affects the maximum detection range in beamforming systems and degrades the diversity gain in MIMO applications. These issues have been solved by the introduction of the practical implementation of a proposed high-gain, low side lobe level VAA system for automotive radar that is based on the integration of four AWR1243 RF chips operating in a frequency range of 76 GHz to 81 GHz. It was implemented using low-power 45 nm (TI) RFCMOS technology. The measured gain of the realized VAA was 47.2 dBi, which was 1.815 times higher than that of the Texas instrumentation linear frequency modulated continuous wave (TI’ LFMCW) radar, which was 26 dBi. The proposed VAA saved 45% of the required implementation area compared to the TI’ LFMCW antenna array. The VAA system was fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber, and it was found that the simulated and measured patterns of the proposed VAA were highly matched in terms of half-power beamwidth and side lobe level.

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MOM/GA-Based Virtual Array for Radar Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Antenna Array for Ku-Band MIMO GB-SAR

Antenna Array for Ku-Band MIMO GB-SAR

Optimized VAA Based Synthesis of Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array for SLL Reduction and Beam Thinning Using Minimum Number of Elements

High-Resolution and Large-Detection-Range Virtual Antenna Array for Automotive Radar Applications

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