Molybdenum Oxides – From Fundamentals to Functionality

Abstract

The properties and applications of molybdenum oxides are reviewed in depth. Molybdenum is found in various oxide stoichiometries, which have been employed for different high-value research and commercial applications. The great chemical and physical characteristics of molybdenum oxides make them versatile and highly tunable for incorporation in optical, electronic, catalytic, bio, and energy systems. Variations in the oxidation states allow manipulation of the crystal structure, morphology, oxygen vacancies, and dopants, to control and engineer electronic states. Despite this overwhelming functionality and potential, a definitive resource on molybdenum oxide is still unavailable. The aim here is to provide such a resource, while presenting an insightful outlook into future prospective applications for molybdenum oxides.

Anderson Localization in 2D Amorphous MoO3‐x Monolayers for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

“…As reported, SC CO 2 can not only stabilize the amorphous nanosheets because of the stronger interaction with amorphous MoO 3‐ x , but also prompt diffusive atomic disordering, the disordered stage of surface atoms can be observed from HRTEM. The averaged thickness of nanosheets is about 2.4 nm using atomic force microscopy (AFM), as shown in Figure c, which is approximately equal to 3∼4 monolayers …”

Flexible Freestanding MoO3−x–Carbon Nanotubes–Nanocellulose Paper Electrodes for Charge‐Storage Applications

“…The capacity retention was approximately 91 %, and the coulombic efficiency was approximately 100 %, which indicates a high reversibility of the redox reaction and the absence of parasitic reactions (see Figure b). The observed small capacity loss can be attributed to the dissolution of the MoO 3− x in the electrolyte . As seen in Figure d, f, the capacity retentions were approximately 95 and 97 %, respectively, when the MoO 3− x –CNTs–CC electrode was further cycled for 8000 and 14 000 cycles at current densities of 39 and 78 A g −1 , respectively.…”

Síntese, caracterização e aplicação do trióxido de molibdênio na fotocatálise de efluente têxtil sintético

“…A literatura descreve diversos métodos, tais como pulverização [22], evaporação térmica [23], deposição de vapor químico (CVD) [24], sol-gel [25] e hidrotérmico [26]. O molibdênio é encontrado em várias estequiometrias de óxido, que são empregadas em diferentes pesquisas de alto valor e aplicações comerciais [27]. As características químicas e físicas dos óxidos de molibdênio os tornam versáteis e altamente ajustáveis para incorporação em sistemas ópticos, eletrônicos, catalíticos, biológicos e energéticos [27].…”

“…O molibdênio é encontrado em várias estequiometrias de óxido, que são empregadas em diferentes pesquisas de alto valor e aplicações comerciais [27]. As características químicas e físicas dos óxidos de molibdênio os tornam versáteis e altamente ajustáveis para incorporação em sistemas ópticos, eletrônicos, catalíticos, biológicos e energéticos [27]. As variações nos estados de oxidação permitem a manipulação da estrutura de cristal, morfologia, vacância de oxigênio e dopantes, para controlar a engenharia de estados eletrônicos.…”