“…These play a key role for promoting the oxygen-associated reaction during the electrocatalytic water splitting process [33,36]. Accordingly, many research groups have attempted to fabricate highquality α-MoO 3 by utilizing several experimental methods (e.g., microwave-assisted chemical synthesis [39], ultrasonication [40], water-based exfoliation [41], hydrothermal growth [38,42], wet chemical process [43,44], sol-gel [45][46][47], and ball milling [48]). Despite such substantial efforts, the electrocatalytic performances of α-MoO 3 are still unsatisfiable because of its small electrochemically active site, poor ionic conductivity, poor electronic conductivity, and sluggish kinetics [33,49].…”